Experimental and Numerical Study of the Hydrodynamics of a Thin Film Reactor (TFR) for the Decarboxylation of Anacardic Acid
-
L. Shrutee
and
Abhishek Dutta
Abstract
A newly designed laboratory scale thin film reactor (TFR) was tested for the decarboxylation of anacardic acid in Cashew Nut Shell Liquid (CNSL) and to investigate the fluid flow behaviour under the influence of temperature since the fluid properties like viscosity and density have strong dependence on temperature. The CNSL containing 60–65 % anacardic acid was decarboxylated to produce cardanol and CO2 at wall temperatures ranging between 393 K and 433 K, respectively. The characteristics of the CNSL, essentially a non-Newtonian fluid, was analysed at different temperatures and its rheological behaviour was studied using the well-known power law model. It was observed that CNSL follows a pseudoplastic behaviour and its viscosity, along with the liquid residence time, was found to decrease till 413 K, while a further increase in temperature resulted in product degradation due to charring, accompanied by an increase in viscosity and residence time. Using measured values for the viscosity, the film thickness was calculated for each wall temperature within the 393–433 K temperature range, showing an increase of the film thickness with temperature and viscosity. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) studies were carried out for the first time for this reactor configuration, using the volume of fluid (VOF) model for the reactive flow. The results obtained from these simulations were in concurrence with the experimental outcomes: velocity profiles along the length of the reactor show its highest values at a wall temperature of 413 K, while lower velocity values were observed when the temperatures were lower or greater than 413 K.
Funding statement: Department of Science and Technology (DST), Govt. of India, (Grant/Award Number: ‘SR/FT/CS-087/2009’).
Acknowledgement
SL and TVG are joint first authors and have contributed equally to this manuscript. RMB would like to thank Dr. Vishwanath K.P from the Department of Mathematical and Computational Sciences, NITK for his helpful suggestions. RMB and SL also express their sincere thanks to Department of Science and Technology (DST), Govt. of India for partially funding this project work titled “Studies on removal of VOCs and NO by activated carbon from Anacardium occidentale seed husk in packed bed column”, sanctioned under FAST TRACK Project (SR/FT/CS-087/2009).
An Indian patent has been filed for the decarboxylation process using the TFR with the title “A Thin Film Reactor for Obtaining Cardanol” and bears the accession number: 6277/CHE/2015A.
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Articles in the same Issue
- Experimental and Numerical Study of the Hydrodynamics of a Thin Film Reactor (TFR) for the Decarboxylation of Anacardic Acid
- Ammonia Leaching of Zinc from Low-grade Oxide Zinc Ores Using the Enhancement of the Microwave Irradiation
- Two-fluid Modeling of Geldart A Particles in Gas-solid Bubbling Fluidized Bed: Assessment of Drag Models and Solid Viscosity Correlations
- Effect of Preparation Method on Ag Modified Ti-HMS Catalyst Structure and Catalytic Oxidative Desulfurization Performance
- Effects of Sparger and Internals Designs on the Local Hydrodynamics in Slurry Bubble Column Reactors Operating under Typical Fischer-Tropsch Process Conditions - I
- Fluidization Characteristics of TiO2 Ultrafine Particles in an Acoustic Spout-fluid Bed with a Draft Tube
- Simulation and Analysis of Flow Field in Sludge Anaerobic Digestion Reactor based on Computational Fluid Dynamics
- Bio-oil as Substitute of Phenol for Synthesis of Resol-type Phenolic Resin as Wood Adhesive
- Numerical Modeling and Parametric Optimization of Micromixer for Low Diffusivity Fluids
- Effects of Arrhenius Activation Energy and Binary Chemical Reaction on Convective Flow of a Nanofluid over Frustum of a Cone with Convective Boundary Condition
