Craving for cigarette smoking among male adolescents in Isfahan based on mindfulness and emotional self-regulation

[1] World Health Organization. WHO Report on the Global Tobacco Epidemic, 2011. Geneva: World Health Organization. Available from: http://www.who.int/tobacco/global_report/2011/en/ 2011.Search in Google Scholar

[2] Al-Muzahmi SN, El-Aziz SA. Oman Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) 2007. 2009. Available from: http://www.moh.gov.om/reports/GlobalYouthTobaccoSurvey, 2007.Search in Google Scholar

[3] Chaman R, Khosravi A, Sajedinejad S, Nazemi S, Mohasseli KF, Valizade B, et al. Smoking and its related factors among Iranian high school students. Iran J Psychiatry Behav Sci. 2015;9(4):e1583.10.17795/ijpbs-1583Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

[4] Sharma R, Grover V, Chaturvedi S. Tobacco use among adolescent students and the influence of role models. Indian J Community Med. 2010;35:272–5.10.4103/0970-0218.66891Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

[5] World Health Organization. Western, Pacific, Region. smoking statestics world health organization regional office for western pacific home, 2005–2011. Available from: http://www.wpro.who.int/en/.Search in Google Scholar

[6] McPherson L, Strong DR, Myers MG. Using an item response model to examine the nicotine dependence construct as characterized by the HONC and the mFTQ among adolescent smokers. Addict Behav. 2008;33:880–94.10.1016/j.addbeh.2008.02.007Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

[7] Faraday M, Elliott BM, Phillips JM, Grunberg NE.. Adolescent nicotine exposure results in sensitization to nicotine in adulthood. Poster PA1-4 presented at the 9th Annual Meeting of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco, 2003.Search in Google Scholar

[8] Barati M, Hidarnia A, Niknami S, Allahverdipour H. Factors associated with tobacco smoking among male adolescents: the role of psychologic, behavioral, and demographic risk factors. Avicenna J Neuro Psycho Physio. 2015;2(1):e27152.10.17795/ajnpp-27152Search in Google Scholar

[9] Karimi M, Niknami S, Heidarnia A, Hajizadeh I. Assessment of knowledge, health belief and patterns of cigarette smoking among adolescents. J Fasa Univ Med Sci. 2011;1(3):142–8 In Persian.Search in Google Scholar

[10] Nazarzadeh M, Bidel Z, Ayubi E, Bahrami A, Jafari F, Mohammadpoorasl A, et al. Smoking status in Iranian male adolescents: a cross-sectional study and a meta-analysis. Addict Behav. 2013;38(6):2214–8 In Persian.10.1016/j.addbeh.2013.01.018Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[11] Ghasemian A, Rezaei N, Moghaddam SS, Mansouri A, Parsaeian M, Delavari A, et al. Tobacco smoking status and the contribution to burden of diseases in Iran, 1990–2010: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010. Arch Iran Med. 2015;18(8):493–501 In Persian.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[12] Pradhan P, Niraula S, Ghimire A, Singh S, Pokharel P. Tobacco use and associated factors among adolescent students in Dharan, Eastern Nepal: a cross-sectional questionnaire survey. BMJ Open. 2013;3(2):21–3.10.1136/bmjopen-2012-002123Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

[13] Amrock SM, Gordon T, Zelikoff JT, Weitzman M. Hookah use among adolescents in the United States: results of a national survey. Nicotine Tob Res. 2014;16(2):231–7.10.1093/ntr/ntt160Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[14] Gerra G, Manfredini M, Giulia Milano L, Somaini R, Donnini C. Perceived parental care during childhood, ACTH, cortisol and nicotine dependence in the adult. Psychiatry Res. 2016;245:458–65.10.1016/j.psychres.2016.09.001Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[15] Campbell-Sills L, Barlow DH, Brown TA, Hofmann SG. Effecs of suppression and acceptance of emotional responses of individuals with anxiety and mood disorders. Behav Res Ther. 2005;44:1251–63.10.1016/j.brat.2005.10.001Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[16] Eisenberg N, Hofer C, Vaughan J. Effortful control and its socioemotional consequen. In: Gross JJ, editors. ces Handbook of emotion regulation. New York: 2007:287–306.Search in Google Scholar

[17] Garnefski N, Van Den Kommer T, Kraaij V, Teerds J, Legerstee J, Onstein E. The relationship between cognitive emotion regulation strategies and emotional problems: comparison between a clinical and a non clinical sample. Eur J Pers. 2002;16(5):403–20.10.1002/per.458Search in Google Scholar

[18] Gross J. Antecedent and response focused emotion regulation: divergent consequences for experience, expression, and physiology. J Pers Soc Psychol. 1998;74(1):224–37.10.1037/0022-3514.74.1.224Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[19] Cutuli D. Cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression strategies role in the emotion regulation: an overview on their modulatory effects and neural correlates. Front Syst Neurosci. 2014;8:175.10.3389/fnsys.2014.00175Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[20] Heckman BW, Kovacs MA, Marquinez NS, Meltzer LR, Tsambarlis ME, Drobes DJ, et al. Influence of affective manipulations on cigarette craving: a meta-analysis. Addiction. 2013;108(12):2068–78.10.1111/add.12284Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[21] Phillips ML, Drevets WC, Rauch SL, Lane R. Neurobiology of emotion perception I: the neural basis of normal emotion perception. Biol Psychiatry. 2003;54:504–14.10.1016/S0006-3223(03)00168-9Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[22] Kern RS, Kuehnel TG, Teuber J, Hayden JL. Multimodal cognitive-behavior therapy for borderline personality disorder with self-injurious behavior. Psychiatr Serv. 1997;48(9):1131–3.10.1176/ps.48.9.1131Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[23] Marlatt GA. Buddhist psychology and the treatment of addictive behavior. Cogn Behav Pract. 2002;9(1):44–9.10.1016/S1077-7229(02)80039-6Search in Google Scholar

[24] Groves P, Farmer I. Buddhism and addictions. Addict Res. 1994;2(2):183–94.10.3109/16066359409109142Search in Google Scholar

[25] Witkiewitz K, Marlatt GA, Walker D. Mindfulness-based relapse prevention for alcohol and substance use disorders. J Cogn Psychother. 2005;19(3):211–28.10.1891/jcop.2005.19.3.211Search in Google Scholar

[26] Gratz KL, Roemer L. Multidimensional assessment of emotion regulation and dysregulation: development, factor structure, and initial validation of the difficulties in emotion regulation scale. J Psychopathol Behav Assess. 2004;26(1):41–54.10.1023/B:JOBA.0000007455.08539.94Search in Google Scholar

[27] Adams CE, Tull MT, Gratz KL. The role of emotional nonacceptance in the relation between depression and recent cigarette smoking. Am J Addict. 2012;21(4):293–301.10.1111/j.1521-0391.2012.00238.xSearch in Google Scholar PubMed

[28] DiFranza JR, Savageau JA, Fletcher K, Ockene JK, Rigotti NA, McNeill AD, et al. Measuring the loss of autonomy over nicotine use in adolescents: the DANDY (Development and Assessment of Nicotine Dependence in Youths) study. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2002;156(4):397–403.10.1001/archpedi.156.4.397Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[29] Huang C-L, Cheng C-P, Lin H-H, Lu C-C. Psychometric testing of the Chinese version of the Hooked on Nicotine Checklist in adolescents. J Adolesc Health. 2009;45(3):281–5.10.1016/j.jadohealth.2009.02.012Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[30] O’Loughlin J, DiFranza J, Tarasuk J, Meshefedjian G, McMillan-Davey E, Paradis G, et al. Assessment of nicotine dependence symptoms in adolescents: a comparison of five indicators. Tob Control. 2002;11(4):354–60.10.1136/tc.11.4.354Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

[31] Carlson LE, Brown KW. Validation of the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale in a cancer population. J Psychosom Res. 2005;58(1):29–33.10.1016/j.jpsychores.2004.04.366Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[32] MacKillop J, Anderson EJ. Further psychometric validation of the mindful attention awareness scale (MAAS). J Psychopathol Behav Assess. 2007;29(4):289–93.10.1007/s10862-007-9045-1Search in Google Scholar

[33] Ghorbani N, Watson P, Weathington BL. Mindfulness in Iran and the United States: cross-cultural structural complexity and parallel relationships with psychological adjustment. Curr Psychol. 2009;28(4):211–24.10.1007/s12144-009-9060-3Search in Google Scholar

[34] Gross J, John O.P.. Individual differences in two emotion regulation processes: implications for affect, relationships, and well-being. J Pers Soc Psychol. 2003;85(2):348.10.1037/0022-3514.85.2.348Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[35] Mohajerin B, Dolatshahi B, Shahbaz AP, Farhoudian A. Differences between expressive suppression and cognitive reappraisal in opioids and stimulant dependent patients. Int J High Risk Behav Addict. 2013;2(1):8.10.5812/ijhrba.8514Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

[36] Nosratabadi M, Halvaiepour Z. A structural equation modeling of the relationships between depression, drug abuse and social support with suicidal ideation among soldiers in Iran in 2015. J Res Health Sci. 2016;16(4):212–216.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[37] Robert-McComb JJ, Cisneros A, Tacón A, Panike R, Norman R, Qian X-P, et al. The effects of mindfulness-based movement on parameters of stress. Int J Yoga Therap. 2015;25(1):79–88.10.17761/1531-2054-25.1.79Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[38] Witkiewitz K, Lustyk MKB, Bowen S. Retraining the addicted brain: a review of hypothesized neurobiological mechanisms of mindfulness-based relapse prevention. Psychol Addict Behav. 2013;27(2):351.10.1037/a0029258Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

[39] Brewer JA, Elwafi HM, Davis JH. Craving to quit: psychological models and neurobiological mechanisms of mindfulness training as treatment for addictions. Psychol Addict Behav. 2013;27(2):366.10.1037/a0028490Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

[40] Elwafi HM, Witkiewitz K, Mallik S, Thornhill IV TA, Brewer JA. Mindfulness training for smoking cessation: moderation of the relationship between craving and cigarette use. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2013;130(1):222–9.10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2012.11.015Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

[41] Black D. The effects of mindfulness on adolescent cigarette smoking: measurement, mechanisms, and theory. California: University of Southern California, 2011.Search in Google Scholar

[42] Garland EL, Boettiger CA, Gaylord S, Chanon VW, Howard MO. Mindfulness is inversely associated with alcohol attentional bias among recovering alcohol-dependent adults. Cognit Ther Res. 2012;36(5):441–50.10.1007/s10608-011-9378-7Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

[43] World Health Organization. Neuroscience of psychoactive substance use and dependence World Health Organization. 2004. Available from: http://wwwwhoint/substance_abuse/publications/psychoactives/en/.Search in Google Scholar

[44] Bowen S, Enkema MC. Relationship between dispositional mindfulness and substance use: findings from a clinical sample. Addict Behav. 2014;39(3):532–7.10.1016/j.addbeh.2013.10.026Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

[45] Abdollahi A, Yaacob SN, Talib MA, Ismail Z. Social anxiety and cigarette smoking in adolescents: the mediating role of emotional intelligence. School Ment Health. 2015;7:184–92 In Persian.10.1007/s12310-015-9141-4Search in Google Scholar

[46] Halvaiepour Z, Nosratabadi M, Khanzadeh M. External criticism by parents and obsessive beliefs in adolescents in Iran: the mediating role of emotional self-regulation. Int J Adolesc Med Health 2016; Doi: 10.1515/ijamh-2016-0016.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[47] Wu L, Winkler MH, Wieser MJ, Andreatta M, Li Y, Pauli P. Emotion regulation in heavy smokers: experiential, expressive and physiological consequences of cognitive reappraisal. Front Psychol. 2015;6:1555.10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01555Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

[48] Fucito LM, Juliano LM, Toll BA. Cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression emotion regulation strategies in cigarette smokers. Nicotine Tob Res. 2010;12:1156–61.10.1093/ntr/ntq146Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

[49] Steenkamp MM, Suvak MK, Dickstein BD, Shea MT, Litz BT. Emotional functioning in obsessive-compulsive personality disorder: comparison to borderline personality disorder and healthy controls. J Pers Disord. 2015;29(6):794–808.10.1521/pedi_2014_28_174Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[50] Barrett LF, Gross J, Christensen TC, Benvenuto M. Knowing what you’re feeling and knowing what to do about it: mapping the relation between emotion differentiation and emotion regulation. Cogn Emot. 2001;15(6):713–24.10.1080/02699930143000239Search in Google Scholar

[51] O’Toole MS, Jensen MB, Fentz HN, Zachariae R, Hougaard E. Emotion differentiation and emotion regulation in high and low socially anxious individuals: an experience-sampling study. Cognit Ther Res. 2014;38(4):428–38.10.1007/s10608-014-9611-2Search in Google Scholar

[52] Tugade MM, Fredrickson BL, Feldman Barrett L. Psychological resilience and positive emotional granularity: examining the benefits of positive emotions on coping and health. J Pers. 2004;72(6):1161–90.10.1111/j.1467-6494.2004.00294.xSearch in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

[53] Shiffman S, Balabanis MH, Gwaltney CJ, Paty JA, Gnys M, Kassel JD, et al. Prediction of lapse from associations between smoking and situational antecedents assessed by ecological momentary assessment. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2007;91(2):159–68.10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2007.05.017Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central