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D-dimer – a multifaceted molecule

  • Devika Tayal ORCID logo EMAIL logo , Prerna Jain and Binita Goswami
Published/Copyright: May 9, 2024
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Hormone Molecular Biology and Clinical Investigation
From the journal Hormone Molecular Biology and Clinical Investigation Volume 45 Issue 2

Abstract

D-dimer, a universally unique marker for fibrin degradation, is generated through the enzymatic interplay of thrombin, factor XIIIa, and plasmin. The emergence of D-dimer-containing fibrin molecules occurs in both intravascular and extravascular spaces during pivotal physiological processes like haemostasis, thrombosis, and tissue repair. Given the inherently physiological nature of fibrin formation and fibrinolysis, basal levels of D-dimer fragments are present in plasma. Beyond its role as a marker of routine physiological processes, aberrations in D-dimer levels are indicative of a spectrum of conditions, both non-pathological and pathological. The clinical utility of D-dimer has been firmly established, particularly in scenarios like venous thromboembolism (VTE), pulmonary embolism (PE), deep vein thrombosis (DVT), and disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). Additionally, recent applications have extended to assess the prognosis of COVID-19. While D-dimer is commonly associated with thrombotic conditions, its elevation is not confined to these conditions alone. Elevated D-dimer levels are observed across various diseases, where its significance extends beyond diagnostic indicators to prognostic implications.

Keywords: diseases; haemostatic factor; health; thrombosis; vascular
Corresponding author: Dr. Devika Tayal, Head of Department, Department of Biochemistry, National Institute of Tuberculosis and Respiratory Disease, Room No. 317, Third Floor, OPD Building, New Delhi, India, Phone: 9810633198, E-mail:

  1. Research ethics: Not Applicable.

  2. Informed consent: Not Applicable.

  3. Author contributions: All authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this manuscript and approved its submission.

  4. Competing interests: Authors state no conflict of interest.

  5. Research funding: None declared.

  6. Data availability: Not Applicable.

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Received: 2022-10-11
Accepted: 2024-04-19
Published Online: 2024-05-09

© 2024 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

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  1. Frontmatter
  2. Original Article
  3. Second to fourth digit ratio (2D:4D) as the ‘anatomical marker’ and reproductive ‘hormonal fingerprint’ in the occurrence dental plaque accumulation
  4. Review Articles
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https://doi.org/10.1515/hmbci-2022-0093
Keywords for this article
diseases; haemostatic factor; health; thrombosis; vascular

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Frontmatter
  2. Original Article
  3. Second to fourth digit ratio (2D:4D) as the ‘anatomical marker’ and reproductive ‘hormonal fingerprint’ in the occurrence dental plaque accumulation
  4. Review Articles
  5. JN.1 variant in enduring COVID-19 pandemic: is it a variety of interest (VoI) or variety of concern (VoC)?
  6. microRNAs, oxidative stress, and genotoxicity as the main inducers in the pathobiology of cancer development
  7. D-dimer – a multifaceted molecule
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