Properties of a formaldehyde-free tannin adhesive and mechanical strength of oriented bamboo scrimber board bonded with it
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Min-Jay Chung
Abstract
In this study, oriented bamboo scrimber board (OBSB) was manufactured with a synthesized formaldehyde-free tannin adhesive. The chemical properties of the tannin adhesive were analyzed with 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (13C-NMR) and diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFT). Results revealed that 70% aqueous acetone extractives of Acacia confusa bark (AcBAE) contained abundant phenolic compounds and condensed tannins comprising mainly B-type flavonoid bonds. Moreover, cross polarization magic angle spinning (CP/MAS) 13C-NMR mapping of cured Acacia confusa bark tannin glue (AcBTanGlu) revealed that condensed tannin reacted with hexamethylenetetramine to form a polymer with a cross-link structure through a polymerization mechanism. According to the results obtained from gas chromatography-flame ionization detector (GC-FID) analysis, no formaldehyde was emitted from AcBTanGlu-glued OBSB. Thermogravimetric analysis indicated that AcBTanGlu significantly improved the thermal stability of AcBAE after the curing reaction. Comparison of the DRIFT spectra of bamboos before and after AcBTanGlu-glued treatment indicated AcBTanGlu did not impact the chemical functional properties of the bamboo. Compared to phenol formaldehyde (PF) and urea formaldehyde (UF)-glued OBSBs, AcBTanGlu-glued OBSBs statistically had lower modulus of elasticity (MOE) and modulus of rupture (MOR). As for the nail withdraw resistance, AcBTanGlu-glued OBSBs are statistically comparable to PF-glued OBSBs and higher than UF-glued OBSBs.
Funding source: The Experimental Forest, College of Bioresource and Agriculture, National Taiwan University, Taiwan.
Award Identifier / Grant number: 107-A04-3
Author contribution: All the authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this submitted manuscript and approved submission.
Research funding: This study was financially supported by a grant (107-A04-3) from the Experimental Forest, College of Bioresource and Agriculture, National Taiwan University, Taiwan.
Employment or leadership: None declared.
Honorarium: None declared.
Conflict of interest statement: The authors declare no conflicts of interest regarding this article.
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© 2020 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Original articles
- Xylan deposition and lignification in differentiating tension wood fibers in Mallotus japonicus (Euphorbiaceae) with multi-layered structure
- Water sorption hysteresis in wood near 100 °C
- Investigation of the material resistance and moisture performance of pubescent oak (Quercus pubescens)
- Fatigue behavior of beech and pine wood modified with low molecular weight phenol-formaldehyde resin
- Characteristics of radio-frequency/vacuum combined with mechanical press drying of heavy softwood timbers with longitudinal kerf
- Surface properties of thermally treated European beech wood studied by PeakForce Tapping atomic force microscopy and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy
- Wettability of welded wood-joints investigated by the Wilhelmy method: part 1. Determination of apparent contact angles, swelling, and water sorption
- Wettability of welded wood-joints investigated by the Wilhelmy method: part 2. Effect of wollastonite additive
- Chemical improvement of surfaces. Part 6: enhanced flame retardancy of Scots pine sapwood by covalent modification with phosphorus and boron functionalized benzoates
- Properties of a formaldehyde-free tannin adhesive and mechanical strength of oriented bamboo scrimber board bonded with it
- Annual reviewer acknowledgement
- Reviewer acknowledgement Holzforschung volume 74 (2020)
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Original articles
- Xylan deposition and lignification in differentiating tension wood fibers in Mallotus japonicus (Euphorbiaceae) with multi-layered structure
- Water sorption hysteresis in wood near 100 °C
- Investigation of the material resistance and moisture performance of pubescent oak (Quercus pubescens)
- Fatigue behavior of beech and pine wood modified with low molecular weight phenol-formaldehyde resin
- Characteristics of radio-frequency/vacuum combined with mechanical press drying of heavy softwood timbers with longitudinal kerf
- Surface properties of thermally treated European beech wood studied by PeakForce Tapping atomic force microscopy and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy
- Wettability of welded wood-joints investigated by the Wilhelmy method: part 1. Determination of apparent contact angles, swelling, and water sorption
- Wettability of welded wood-joints investigated by the Wilhelmy method: part 2. Effect of wollastonite additive
- Chemical improvement of surfaces. Part 6: enhanced flame retardancy of Scots pine sapwood by covalent modification with phosphorus and boron functionalized benzoates
- Properties of a formaldehyde-free tannin adhesive and mechanical strength of oriented bamboo scrimber board bonded with it
- Annual reviewer acknowledgement
- Reviewer acknowledgement Holzforschung volume 74 (2020)
