Influence of epoxidation conditions on the rheological properties of gel-like dispersions of epoxidized kraft lignin in castor oil
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Esperanza Cortés-Triviño
Abstract
The modification of castor oil (CO) with lignin was the focus of this research to create a lubricating medium with improved gel-like properties. Namely, an alkali lignin (L) was epoxidized with epichlorohydrin (EP) and the resulting LEPs were dispersed in CO. The parameters of LEP synthesis were varied and the epoxidation index (EPI) of the LEPs was determined. The LEPs were also submitted to thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Rheological responses of the LEP/CO dispersions were investigated through small-amplitude oscillatory shear (SAOS) tests. Linear viscoelasticity functions are quantitatively affected by the epoxidation parameters, such as temperature, reaction time and L/EP and L/NaOH ratios. In general, lignins with higher EPI show higher values of the SAOS functions, which are indicative of better gel-strength due to a higher cross-linking density between the LEPs and CO. A power-law equation describes well the evolution of the complex modulus, G*, with frequency of gel-like dispersions, where the power-law parameters were found to increase almost linearly with the EPI. The thermo-rheological characterization provides a softening temperature beyond 50°C.
Acknowledgments
This work is part of two research projects (CTQ2014-56038-C3-1R and TEP-1499) sponsored by MINECO-FEDER and Junta de Andalucía programmes, respectively. One of the authors (E. Cortés-Triviño) has received a PhD Research Grant from the “Junta de Andalucía”. The authors gratefully acknowledge its financial support.
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©2017 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston
Artikel in diesem Heft
- Frontmatter
- Original Articles
- Determination of uronic acids and neutral carbohydrates in pulp and biomass by hydrolysis, reductive amination and HPAEC-UV
- Influence of epoxidation conditions on the rheological properties of gel-like dispersions of epoxidized kraft lignin in castor oil
- Isolation and structural elucidation of heartwood extractives of Juglans sigillata
- Preliminary analysis of amplicon high-throughput sequencing as a method for the assessment of fungal diversity in discolored wood
- Acoustic impact testing and waveform analysis for damage detection in glued laminated timber
- Sorption isotherms of waterlogged subfossil Scots pine wood impregnated with a lactitol and trehalose mixture
- Topochemical analyses of furfuryl alcohol-modified radiata pine (Pinus radiata) by UMSP, light microscopy and SEM
- Zone line formation on artificial media and in hardwoods by basidiomycetes for production of spalted wood
Artikel in diesem Heft
- Frontmatter
- Original Articles
- Determination of uronic acids and neutral carbohydrates in pulp and biomass by hydrolysis, reductive amination and HPAEC-UV
- Influence of epoxidation conditions on the rheological properties of gel-like dispersions of epoxidized kraft lignin in castor oil
- Isolation and structural elucidation of heartwood extractives of Juglans sigillata
- Preliminary analysis of amplicon high-throughput sequencing as a method for the assessment of fungal diversity in discolored wood
- Acoustic impact testing and waveform analysis for damage detection in glued laminated timber
- Sorption isotherms of waterlogged subfossil Scots pine wood impregnated with a lactitol and trehalose mixture
- Topochemical analyses of furfuryl alcohol-modified radiata pine (Pinus radiata) by UMSP, light microscopy and SEM
- Zone line formation on artificial media and in hardwoods by basidiomycetes for production of spalted wood
