Abstract
The development of phosphate bonded composites with properties comparable with those of current Portland cement bonded products has been investigated. More precisely, the focus of the study was the optimization of calcium phosphate cements in combination with wood processing residues slash pine (Pinus elliottii Engelm.) planer shavings, Black wattle (Acacia mearnsii De Wild.) residues, Blue gum (Eucalyptus globulus Labill.) residues, hemp (Cannabis Sativa L.) hurds and dried crushed sugarcane bagasse (Saccharum officinarum L.) as well as pulp mill sludge and waste paper. A central composite design (CCD) for the response surface methodology (RSM) was applied for selection of the proper parameters. Mechanical tests were conducted on the composite products and the effect of the processing variables was evaluated based on the Pareto analysis of variance. The density of the wood-based panels ranged from 0.68 to 1.21 g cm−3, that of the agricultural fibers from 0.59 to 1.15 g cm−3 and that of the paper pulp panels from 0.81 to 1.21 g cm−3. The modulus of elasticity (MOE) data of the panels ranged from 1.63 to 4.92 MPa for wood, from 0.37 to 3.28 MPa for agricultural fibers and from 0.65 to 3.87 MPa for paper-pulp-based fibers. The physical properties of the composite products met the requirements for Portland-cement-bonded particleboards (EN 634-2, 2007).
Acknowledgments
The authors thank the National Research Foundation, South Africa, for financial support (Grant 88598). We also acknowledge Ulula Fly Ash, Hemporium, Cape Pine, TSB Sugar Ltd, EC Biomass and MPact, all in South Africa, for material donation.
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©2017 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Original Articles
- Enzymatic grafting of kraft lignin as a wood bio-protection strategy. Part 1: factors affecting the process
- Enzymatic grafting of kraft lignin as a wood bio-protection strategy. Part 2: effectiveness against wood destroying basidiomycetes. Effect of copper entrapment
- Isolation and characterization of triterpenoids from the stem barks of Pinus massoniana
- Radial distribution of monomeric, dimeric and trimeric norlignans and their polymerization in Cryptomeria japonica heartwood
- Influence of length and sensor positioning on acoustic time-of-flight (ToF) measurement in structural timber
- Calcium phosphate bonded wood and fiber composite panels: production and optimization of panel properties
- Water sorption hysteresis in wood: III physical modeling by molecular simulation
- Characteristics of carbon nanofibers produced from lignin/polyacrylonitrile (PAN)/kraft lignin-g-PAN copolymer blends electrospun nanofibers
- Chiral ionic liquids with a (−)-menthol component as wood preservatives
- Performance of waterborne copper/organic wood preservatives in an AWPA E14 soft-rot laboratory soil bed test using modified soil
- Erratum
- Erratum to: Water sorption hysteresis in wood: II mathematical modeling – functions beyond data fitting
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Original Articles
- Enzymatic grafting of kraft lignin as a wood bio-protection strategy. Part 1: factors affecting the process
- Enzymatic grafting of kraft lignin as a wood bio-protection strategy. Part 2: effectiveness against wood destroying basidiomycetes. Effect of copper entrapment
- Isolation and characterization of triterpenoids from the stem barks of Pinus massoniana
- Radial distribution of monomeric, dimeric and trimeric norlignans and their polymerization in Cryptomeria japonica heartwood
- Influence of length and sensor positioning on acoustic time-of-flight (ToF) measurement in structural timber
- Calcium phosphate bonded wood and fiber composite panels: production and optimization of panel properties
- Water sorption hysteresis in wood: III physical modeling by molecular simulation
- Characteristics of carbon nanofibers produced from lignin/polyacrylonitrile (PAN)/kraft lignin-g-PAN copolymer blends electrospun nanofibers
- Chiral ionic liquids with a (−)-menthol component as wood preservatives
- Performance of waterborne copper/organic wood preservatives in an AWPA E14 soft-rot laboratory soil bed test using modified soil
- Erratum
- Erratum to: Water sorption hysteresis in wood: II mathematical modeling – functions beyond data fitting