Abstract
The swelling of dissolving pulps has been investigated by a new method based on the MorfiR analyser, which is measuring the width variation of thousands of fibres in a cupriethylenediamine (CUEN) solution in a few minutes. Pulps from various origins were analysed coming from softwood, birch wood, eucalyptus wood, kraft pulps, sulphite pulps and ECF and TCF bleached pulps, which were modified by several treatments including chemical (cold caustic extraction, hypochlorite) or enzymatic (cellulase) methods. The swelling was much affected by the crystalline form of cellulose and the hemicellulose content but did not depend neither on the cellulose DP nor on the fibre structure (hardwood vs. softwood). The dissolving pulp reactivity in the viscose process was also assessed by swelling in dilute solutions of cupriethylenediamine (CUEN) instead of the Fock’s method.
Acknowledgements
This work has been conducted in the framework of the “Polywood project” financed by French R&D national Agencies. The authors thank Pr.Evtuguin from Aveiro University and the company Caïma for assistance in the Fock’s Test measurement.
References
Ambjörnsson, H.A., Östberg, L., Schenzel, K., Larsson, P.T., Germgård, U. (2014) Enzyme pretreatment of dissolving pulp as a way to improve the following dissolution in NaOH/ZnO. Holzforschung 68:385–391.10.1515/hf-2013-0070Search in Google Scholar
Arnoul-Jarriault, B., Lachenal, D., Chirat, C., Heux, L. (2015) Upgrading softwood bleached kraft pulp to dissolving pulp by cold caustic treatment and acid-hot caustic treatment. Ind. Crops Prod. 65:565–571.10.1016/j.indcrop.2014.09.051Search in Google Scholar
Chaudemanche, C., Navard, P. (2011) Swelling and dissolution mechanisms of regenerated Lyocell cellulose fibers. Cellulose 18:1–15.10.1007/s10570-010-9460-4Search in Google Scholar
Christoffersson, K.E., Sjöström, M., Edlund, U., Lindgren, A.A, Dolk, M. (2002) Reactivity of dissolving pulp: characterisation using chemical properties, NMR spectroscopy and multivariate data analysis. Cellulose 9:159–170.10.1023/A:1020108125490Search in Google Scholar
Cuissinat, C., Navard, P. (2006) Swelling and dissolution of cellulose part 1: free floating cotton and wood fibers in N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide-water mixtures. Macromol. Symp. 244:1–18.10.1002/masy.200651201Search in Google Scholar
Eckhart, R., Hirn, U., Bauer, W. (2011) A method capable to determine damage of the outer fibre wall layers in the fine structure of papermaking fibres. Cost Office 1:115–124.Search in Google Scholar
Fischer, K., Schmidt, I., Fischer, S. (2009) Reactivity of dissolving pulp for processing viscose. Macromol. Symp. 280:54–59.10.1002/masy.200950607Search in Google Scholar
Gehmayr, V., Potthast, A., Sixta, H. (2012) Reactivity of dissolving pulps modified by TEMPO-mediated oxidation. Cellulose 19:1125–1134.10.1007/s10570-012-9729-xSearch in Google Scholar
Hiraoki, R., Ono, Y., Saito, T., Isogai, A. (2015) Molecular mass and molecular-mass distribution of TEMPO-oxidized celluloses and TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibrils. Biomacromolecules 16:675–681.10.1021/bm501857cSearch in Google Scholar PubMed
Ibarra, D., Köpcke, V., Larsson, P.T., Jääskeläinen, A.-S., Ek, M. (2010) Combination of alkaline and enzymatic treatments as a process for upgrading sisal paper-grade pulp to dissolving-grade pulp. Bioresour. Technol. 101:7416–7423.10.1016/j.biortech.2010.04.050Search in Google Scholar PubMed
Javed, M.A., Germgard, U. (2011) The reactivity of prehydrolyzed softwood kraft pulps after prolonged cooking followed by chlorite delignification. BioResources 6:2581–2591.10.15376/biores.6.3.2581-2591Search in Google Scholar
Kihlman, M., Aldaeus, F., Chedid, F., Germgård, U. (2011) Effect of various pulp properties on the solubility of cellulose in sodium hydroxide solutions. Holzforschung 66:613–617.10.1515/hf-2011-0220Search in Google Scholar
Koepcke, V., Ibarra, D., Larsson, P.T., Ek, M. (2010) Optimization of treatment sequences for the production of dissolving pulp from birch kraft pulp. Nord. Pulp Pap. Res. J. 25:31–38.10.3183/npprj-2010-25-01-p031-038Search in Google Scholar
Krassig H.A. Cellulose; Structure, Accessibility and Reactivity. Gordon and Breach Science Publishers, Amsterdam, 1993.Search in Google Scholar
Lanieri, D.B., Olmos, G.V., Alberini, I.C., Maximino, M.G. (2014) Rapid estimation of gamma number of viscose by UV spectrophotometry. Papel. 75:60–65.Search in Google Scholar
Le Moigne, N., Navard, P. (2009) Dissolution mechanisms of wood cellulose fibres in NaOH-water. Cellulose 17:31–45.10.1007/s10570-009-9370-5Search in Google Scholar
Li, D., Sevastyanova, O., Ek, M. (2012) Pretreatment of softwood dissolving pulp with ionic liquids. Holzforschung 66:935–943.10.1515/hf-2011-0180Search in Google Scholar
Navard, P., Cuisinat, C. Cellulose swelling and dissolution as a tool to study the fiber structure. Presented at the 7th International Symposium “Alternative Cellulose”: Manufacturing, Forming, Properties, Rudolstadt, Germany, 2006.Search in Google Scholar
Ott, M. Cellulose and Cellulose Derivatives Part I. Interscience Publishers Inc, New York, 1954.Search in Google Scholar
Passas, R., Voillot, C., Tarrajat, G., Caucal, G., Khelifi, B., Tourtollet, G.E.P. (2001) Morfi as a novel technology for morphological analysis of fibers. Recents Progres Genie Procedes. 15:259–264.10.1016/S0213-9111(01)71557-9Search in Google Scholar
Perrin, J., Pouyet, F., Chirat, C., Lachenal, D. (2014) Formation of carbonyl and carboxyl groups on cellulosic pulps: effect on alkali resistance. BioResources 9:7299–7310.10.15376/biores.9.4.7299-7310Search in Google Scholar
Pouyet, F., Chirat, C., Potthast, A., Lachenal, D. (2014) Formation of carbonyl groups on cellulose during ozone treatment of pulp: Consequences for pulp bleaching. Carbohydr. Polym. 109:85–91.10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.02.082Search in Google Scholar
Schleicher, H., Borrmeister, B. (1998) Investigations on the state of solution of viscose. Lenzing. Berichte 78:7–11.Search in Google Scholar
Strlic, M., Kolar, J., Zigon, M., Pihlar, B. (1998) Evaluation of size-exclusion chromatography and viscometry for the determination of molecular masses of oxidised cellulose. J. Chromatogr. A. 805:93–99.10.1016/S0021-9673(98)00008-9Search in Google Scholar
Strunk, P., Eliasson, B., Hägglund C., Agnemo, R. (2011) The influence of properties in cellulose pulps on the reactivity in viscose manufacturing. Nord. Pulp Pap. Res. J. 26:81–89.10.3183/npprj-2011-26-01-p081-089Search in Google Scholar
Tian, C. (2013) Improvement in the Fock test for determining the reactivity of dissolving pulp. Tappi J. 12:21–26.10.32964/TJ12.11.21Search in Google Scholar
Unger, E.W., Fink, H.P., Philipp, B. (1995) Morphometrische Untersuchungen des Quell-und Lösevorgangs von Celluslosefasern in EWNN und LiCl/Dimethylacetamid. Papier. 297–307.Search in Google Scholar
©2016 by De Gruyter
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Original Articles
- Characteristics of guaiacyl-syringyl lignin in reaction wood in the gymnosperm Gnetum gnemon L.
- Sodium sulphite pulping of Scots pine under neutral and mildly alkaline conditions (NS pulping)
- Characterization of dissolving pulp by fibre swelling in dilute cupriethylenediamine (CUEN) solution in a MorFi analyser
- Hot water extraction of Norway spruce (Picea abies [Karst.]) bark: analyses of the influence of bark aging and process parameters on the extract composition
- Statistical modeling of pressurized hot-water batch extraction (PHWE) to produce hemicelluloses with desired properties
- Lignification of ray parenchyma cells (RPCs) in the xylem of Phellodendron amurense Rupr.: quantitative and structural investigation by TOF-SIMS and thioacidolysis of laser microdissection cuts of RPCs
- Relationship between the hydrophilicity of lignin dispersants and their performance towards pesticide particles
- Preparation of electric double layer capacitors (EDLCs) from two types of electrospun lignin fibers
- Simultaneous measurement of elastic constants of full-size engineered wood-based panels by modal testing
- Development of an industrial applicable dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma treatment for improving bondability of poplar veneer
- Mode of action of brown rot decay resistance of thermally modified wood: resistance to Fenton’s reagent
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Original Articles
- Characteristics of guaiacyl-syringyl lignin in reaction wood in the gymnosperm Gnetum gnemon L.
- Sodium sulphite pulping of Scots pine under neutral and mildly alkaline conditions (NS pulping)
- Characterization of dissolving pulp by fibre swelling in dilute cupriethylenediamine (CUEN) solution in a MorFi analyser
- Hot water extraction of Norway spruce (Picea abies [Karst.]) bark: analyses of the influence of bark aging and process parameters on the extract composition
- Statistical modeling of pressurized hot-water batch extraction (PHWE) to produce hemicelluloses with desired properties
- Lignification of ray parenchyma cells (RPCs) in the xylem of Phellodendron amurense Rupr.: quantitative and structural investigation by TOF-SIMS and thioacidolysis of laser microdissection cuts of RPCs
- Relationship between the hydrophilicity of lignin dispersants and their performance towards pesticide particles
- Preparation of electric double layer capacitors (EDLCs) from two types of electrospun lignin fibers
- Simultaneous measurement of elastic constants of full-size engineered wood-based panels by modal testing
- Development of an industrial applicable dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma treatment for improving bondability of poplar veneer
- Mode of action of brown rot decay resistance of thermally modified wood: resistance to Fenton’s reagent