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Negative gravitropism of Ginkgo biloba: growth stress and reaction wood formation

  • Tatsuya Shirai , Hiroyuki Yamamoto EMAIL logo , Miyuki Matsuo , Mikuri Inatsugu , Masato Yoshida , Saori Sato , KC Sujan , Yoshihito Suzuki , Isao Toyoshima and Noboru Yamashita
Published/Copyright: May 22, 2015
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Abstract

Ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba L.) forms thick, lignified secondary xylem in the cylindrical stem as in Pinales (commonly called conifers), although it has more phylogenetic affinity to Cycadales than to conifers. Ginkgo forms compression wood-like (CW-like) reaction wood (RW) in its inclined stem as it is the case in conifers. However, the distribution of growth stress is not yet investigated in the RW of ginkgo, and thus this tissue resulting from negative gravitropism is still waiting for closer consideration. The present study intended to fill this gap. It has been demonstrated that, indeed, ginkgo forms RW tissue on the lower side of the inclined stem, where the compressive growth stress (CGS) was generated. In the RW, the micorofibril angle in the S2 layer, the air-dried density, and the lignin content increased, whereas the cellulose content decreased. These data are quite similar to those of conifer CWs. The multiple linear regression analysis revealed that the CGS is significantly correlated by the changes in the aforementioned parameters. It can be safely concluded that the negative gravitropism of ginkgo is very similar to that of conifers.


Corresponding author: Hiroyuki Yamamoto, Graduate School of Bio-agricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan, Tel.: +81-52-789-4152, Fax: +81-52-789-4150, e-mail:

Acknowledgments

The authors are grateful to Mr. Masatoshi Satake of Aichi Forestry Research Institute for providing us with ginkgo materials.

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Received: 2015-1-6
Accepted: 2015-4-21
Published Online: 2015-5-22
Published in Print: 2016-3-1

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