Combustion behavior of oak wood (Quercus mongolica L.) modified by 1,3-dimethylol-4,5-dihydroxyethyleneurea (DMDHEU)
-
Yanjun Xie
,
Na Liu
Abstract
The modification of wood with 1,3-dimethylol-4,5-dihydroxyethyleneurea (DMDHEU) is an efficient strategy to improve its dimensional stability and durability during its service period. In this study, oak wood (Quercus mongolica L.) was treated with DMDHEU and the combustion behavior of the treated wood was examined. The bench-scale thermogravimetry and cone calorimetry showed that the treatment with DMDHEU alone enhanced the flammability of wood, but a combined treatment with DMDHEU and traces of magnesium chloride as a catalyst lowered the flammability to the level of untreated wood. In full-scale fire tests for flooring materials, it could be confirmed that both the untreated and treated woods have similar combustion behavior and can be classified as Dfl-S1 (capable of resisting a small flame and, for a certain period, a heat flux attack; the total smoke production is limited). Accordingly, further fire-retardant treatments may be required if DMDHEU-treated wood is used in public areas.
Acknowledgments
The authors are grateful to the support from the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University of Ministry of Education of China (NCET-11-0608) and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (DL12DB02). The Young Prominent Talent Support Program of Northeast Forestry University (PTSP-1213-03) is also acknowledged.
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Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Original Articles
- Influence of cellulose supramolecular structure on strength properties of chemical pulp
- Morphological, mechanical, and optical properties of cypress papers
- Determination of ion exchange constants for pairs of metal ions to lignocellulosic materials by column chromatography
- Combustion behavior of oak wood (Quercus mongolica L.) modified by 1,3-dimethylol-4,5-dihydroxyethyleneurea (DMDHEU)
- Synthesis and antifungal activity of camphoric acid-based acylhydrazone compounds
- Lignification of ray parenchyma cells in the xylem of Pinus densiflora. Part I: Microscopic investigation by POM, UV microscopy, and TOF-SIMS
- Lignification of ray parenchyma cells in the xylem of Pinus densiflora. Part II: Microchemical analysis by laser microdissection and thioacidolysis
- Distribution of lignin in vascular bundles of coconut wood (Cocos nucifera) by cellular UV-spectroscopy and relationship between lignification and tensile strength in single vascular bundles
- Compression properties of vascular boundles and parenchyma of rattan (Plectocomia assamica Griff)
- Properties of wood-plastic composites (WPCs) reinforced with extracted and delignified wood flour
- Anisotropic elastic properties of common ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.)
- Destructive and non-destructive evaluation of seven hardwoods and analysis of data correlation
- Experimental validation of green wood peeling assisted by IR heating – some considerations of the analytical system design
- The influence of felling season and log-soaking temperature on the wetting and phenol formaldehyde adhesive bonding characteristics of birch veneer
- Comparative evaluation of various lignin determination methods on hemicellulose-rich fractions of spruce and birch obtained by pressurized hot-water extraction (PHWE) and subsequent ultrafiltration (UF)
- Conversion between basic density and apparent density at any moisture content in Eucalyptus grandis
- Postpeak residual capacity of nailed connections of a shear wall
- Obituary
- Memorial on Horst H. Nimz (1930–2013)
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Original Articles
- Influence of cellulose supramolecular structure on strength properties of chemical pulp
- Morphological, mechanical, and optical properties of cypress papers
- Determination of ion exchange constants for pairs of metal ions to lignocellulosic materials by column chromatography
- Combustion behavior of oak wood (Quercus mongolica L.) modified by 1,3-dimethylol-4,5-dihydroxyethyleneurea (DMDHEU)
- Synthesis and antifungal activity of camphoric acid-based acylhydrazone compounds
- Lignification of ray parenchyma cells in the xylem of Pinus densiflora. Part I: Microscopic investigation by POM, UV microscopy, and TOF-SIMS
- Lignification of ray parenchyma cells in the xylem of Pinus densiflora. Part II: Microchemical analysis by laser microdissection and thioacidolysis
- Distribution of lignin in vascular bundles of coconut wood (Cocos nucifera) by cellular UV-spectroscopy and relationship between lignification and tensile strength in single vascular bundles
- Compression properties of vascular boundles and parenchyma of rattan (Plectocomia assamica Griff)
- Properties of wood-plastic composites (WPCs) reinforced with extracted and delignified wood flour
- Anisotropic elastic properties of common ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.)
- Destructive and non-destructive evaluation of seven hardwoods and analysis of data correlation
- Experimental validation of green wood peeling assisted by IR heating – some considerations of the analytical system design
- The influence of felling season and log-soaking temperature on the wetting and phenol formaldehyde adhesive bonding characteristics of birch veneer
- Comparative evaluation of various lignin determination methods on hemicellulose-rich fractions of spruce and birch obtained by pressurized hot-water extraction (PHWE) and subsequent ultrafiltration (UF)
- Conversion between basic density and apparent density at any moisture content in Eucalyptus grandis
- Postpeak residual capacity of nailed connections of a shear wall
- Obituary
- Memorial on Horst H. Nimz (1930–2013)
