Aluminum localization in the cell walls of the mature xylem of maple tree detected by elemental imaging using time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS)
-
Kaori Saito
, Yoko Watanabe , Yasuyuki Matsushita , Takanori Imai , Takayoshi Koike , Yuzou Sano , Ryo Funada , Kazumi Fukazawa und Kazuhiko Fukushima
Abstract
The distribution of aluminum (Al) and other inorganic elements has been mapped at the cellular level in the mature xylem of maple by means of time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) imaging. This method permits to image inorganic elements along with organic molecular species with high spatial resolution, and it was demonstrated that Na, K, Ca, and Mg are almost uniformly distributed in several contiguous growth rings of the air-dried wood sample. In contrast, Al was accumulated heterogeneously and intensely in the cell walls of the secondary xylem, including several growth rings, despite the long-term air-drying during storage. These results are interpreted that Al is immobilized within the cell wall, or it is closely interacted with the components of the secondary xylem. TOF-SIMS mapping also shows that Al has a tendency to be localized around vessels in the inner rings.
We thank Akira Yamamoto and Shinichi Iida (ULVAC-PHI Co. Ltd., Japan) and Toshiyuki Kato and Ruka Takama (Technical Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan) for the technical support with the TOF-SIMS measurements.
References
Bilodeau Gauthier, S., Houle, D., Gagnon C., Côté, B., Messier, C. (2008) Extractability of elements in sugar maple xylem along a gradient of soil acidity. J. Environ. Qual. 37:871–879.10.2134/jeq2007.0203Suche in Google Scholar PubMed
Bryne, L.E., Lausmaa, J., Ernstsson, M., Englund, F., Wålinder, M.E.P. (2010) Ageing of modified wood. Part 2: determination of surface composition of acetylated, furfurylated, and thermally modified wood by XPS and ToF-SIMS. Holzforschung 64:305–313.10.1515/hf.2010.062Suche in Google Scholar
Clode, P.L., Kilburn, M.R., Jones, D.L., Stockdale, E.A., Cliff J.B. III, Herrmann, A.M., Murphy, D.V. (2009) In situ mapping of nutrient uptake in the rhizosphere using nanoscale secondary ion mass spectrometry. Plant Physiol. 151:1751–1757.10.1104/pp.109.141499Suche in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central
Fardim, P., Durán, N. (2002) Surface chemistry of Eucalyptus wood pulp fibres: effects of chemical pulping. Holzforschung 56:615–622.10.1515/HF.2002.094Suche in Google Scholar
Finzi-Hart, J.A., Pett-Ridge, J., Weber, P.K., Popa, R., Fallon, S.J., Gunderson, T., Hutcheon, I.D., Nealson, K.H., Capone, D.G. (2009) Fixation and fate of C and N in the cyanobacterium Trichodesmium using nanometer-scale secondary ion mass spectrometry. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 106:6345–6350.10.1073/pnas.0810547106Suche in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central
Gregory, R.A. (1978) Living elements of the conducting secondary xylem of sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) IAWA Bull. 4:65–69.Suche in Google Scholar
Heard, P.J., Feeney, K.A., Allen, G.C., Shewry, P.R. (2001) Determination of the elemental composition of mature wheat grain using a modified secondary ion mass spectrometer (SIMS). Plant J. 30:237–245.10.1046/j.1365-313X.2001.01276.xSuche in Google Scholar PubMed
Hirano, Y., Frey, B., Brunner, I. (2012) Contrasting reactions of roots of two coniferous tree species to aluminum stress. Environ. Exp. Bot. 77:12–18.Suche in Google Scholar
Hodson, M.J., Sangster, A.G. (2002) X-ray microanalytical studies of mineral localization in the needles of white pine (Pinus strobus L.). Ann. Bot. 89:367–374.Suche in Google Scholar
Horst, W.J., Wang, Y., Eticha, D. (2010) The role of the root apoplast in aluminium-induced inhibition of root elongation and in aluminium resistance of plants: a review. Ann. Bot. 106: 185–197.10.1093/aob/mcq053Suche in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central
Jeremic, D., Cooper, P., Brodersen, P. (2007) Penetration of poly(ethylene glycol) into wood cell walls of red pine. Holzforschung 61:272–278.10.1515/HF.2007.068Suche in Google Scholar
Kleen, M. (2005) Surface lignin and extractives on hardwood RDH kraft pulp chemically characterized by ToF-SIMS. Holzforschung 59:481–487.10.1515/HF.2005.080Suche in Google Scholar
Klug, B., Specht, A., Horst, W.J. (2011) Aluminium localization in root tips of the aluminium-accumulating plant species buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench). J. Exp. Bot. 62:5453–5462.Suche in Google Scholar
Lazof, D.B., Goldsmith, J.G., Rufty, T.W., Linton, R.W. (1994) Rapid uptake of aluminum into cells of intact soybean root tips (a microanalytical study using secondary ion mass spectrometry). Plant Physiol. 106:1107–1114.10.1104/pp.106.3.1107Suche in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central
Lazof, D.B., Goldsmith, J.G., Rufty, T.W., Linton, R.W. (1996) The early entry of Al into cells of intact soybean roots (a comparison of three developmental root regions using secondary ion mass spectrometry imaging). Plant Physiol. 112:1289–1300.10.1104/pp.112.3.1289Suche in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central
Martin, R.R., Naftel, S.J., Macfie, S., Skinner, W., Courchesned, F., Séguin, V. (2004) Time of flight secondary ion mass spectrometry studies of the distribution of metals between the soil, rhizosphere and roots of Populus tremuloides Minchx growing in forest soil. Chemosphere 54:1121–1125.10.1016/j.chemosphere.2003.07.010Suche in Google Scholar PubMed
Matsunaga, H., Shiotari, R., Matsumura, J., Oda, K., Utsumi, Y., Yamamoto, K. (2006) Potassium distribution in black heartwood of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) I: localization in axial parenchyma cells. J. Wood Sci. 52:95–100.10.1007/s10086-005-0731-xSuche in Google Scholar
Metzner, R., Schneider, H.U., Breuer, U., Schroeder, W.H. (2008) Imaging nutrient distributions in plant tissue using time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry and scanning electron microscopy. Plant Physiol. 147:1774–1787.10.1104/pp.107.109215Suche in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central
Moore, K.L., Schröde, M., Wu, Z., Martin, B.G.H., Hawes, C.R., McGrath, S.P., Hawkesford, M.J., Ma, J.F., Zhao, F.-J., Grovenor, C.R.M. (2011) High-resolution secondary ion mass spectrometry reveals the contrasting subcellular distribution of arsenic and silicon in rice roots. Plant Physiol. 156:913–924.10.1104/pp.111.173088Suche in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central
Moore, K.L., Lombi, E., Zhao, F.J., Grovenor, C.R. (2012) Elemental imaging at the nanoscale: NanoSIMS and complementary techniques for element localisation in plants. Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 402:3263–3273.Suche in Google Scholar
Orblin, E., Eta, V., Fardim, P. (2011) Surface chemistry of vessel elements by FE-SEM, μ-XPS and ToF-SIMS. Holzforschung 65:681–688.10.1515/hf.2011.064Suche in Google Scholar
Panda, S.K. (2007) Molecular physiology of aluminum toxicity and tolerance in plants. Bot. Rev. 73:326–347.Suche in Google Scholar
Qin, R., Hirano, Y., Brunner, I. (2007) Exudation of organic acid anions from poplar roots after exposure to Al, Cu and Zn. Tree Physiol. 27:313–320.10.1093/treephys/27.2.313Suche in Google Scholar PubMed
Rengel, Z., Zhang, W.H. (2003) Role of dynamics of intracellular calcium in aluminium-toxicity syndrome. N. Phytol. 159:295–314.10.1046/j.1469-8137.2003.00821.xSuche in Google Scholar PubMed
Saito, K., Mitsutani, T., Imai, T., Matsushita, Y., Fukushima, K. (2008) Chemical differences between sapwood and heartwood of Chamaecyparis obtusa detected by ToF-SIMS. Appl. Surf. Sci. 255:1088–1091.Suche in Google Scholar
Saito, K., Watanabe, Y., Shirakawa, M., Matsushita, Y., Imai, T., Koike, T., Sano, Y., Funada, R., Fukazawa, K., Fukushima, K. (2012) Direct mapping of morphological distribution of syringyl and guaiacyl lignin in the xylem of maple by time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry. Plant J. 69:542–552.10.1111/j.1365-313X.2011.04811.xSuche in Google Scholar PubMed
Sano, Y., Ohta, T., Jansen, S. (2008) The distribution and structure of pits between vessels and imperforate tracheary elements in angiosperm woods. IAWA J. 29:1–15.10.1163/22941932-90000165Suche in Google Scholar
Smart, K.E., Kilburn, M.R., Salter, C.J., Smith, J.A.C., Grovenor, C.R.M. (2007) NanoSIMS and EPMA analysis of nickel localisation in leaves of the hyperaccumulator plant Alyssum lesbiacum. Int. J. Mass Spectrom. 260:107–114.Suche in Google Scholar
Teixeira, M.I.M., Kleen, A.M., Lopes, F.M.M., Tavares, F.P.J. (2009) Effect of surface sizing on the surface chemistry of paper containing eucalyptus pulp. Holzforschung 63:282–289.Suche in Google Scholar
Tokareva, E.N., Pranovich, A.V., Fardim, P., Daniel, G., Holmbom, B. (2007) Analysis of wood tissues by time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry. Holzforschung 61:647–655.10.1515/HF.2007.119Suche in Google Scholar
Tokareva, E.N., Pranovich, A.V., Ek, P., Holmbom, B. (2010) Determination of anionic groups in wood by time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry and laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Holzforschung 64:35–43.10.1515/hf.2010.002Suche in Google Scholar
Vansteenkiste, D., Van Acker, J., Stevens, M., Le Thiec, D., Nepveu, G. (2007) Composition, distribution and supposed origin of mineral inclusions in sessile oak wood—consequences for microdensitometrical analysis. Ann. For. Sci. 64:11–19.Suche in Google Scholar
Watanabe, Y., Fukazawa, K. (1993) Lignin heterogeneity of the cell walls on the genus Acer. Rep. Res. Bull. Hokkaido Univ. For. 50:349–389.Suche in Google Scholar
Watanabe, T., Osaki, M., Yoshihara, T., Tadano, T. (1998) Distribution and chemical speciation of aluminum in the Al accumulator plant, Melastoma malabathricum L. Plant Soil 2:165–173.10.1023/A:1004341415878Suche in Google Scholar
Yamada, Y., Awano, T., Fujita, M., Takabe, K. (2011) Living wood fibers act as large-capacity “single-use” starch storage in black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia). Trees 25:607–616.10.1007/s00468-010-0537-3Suche in Google Scholar
Yang, J.L., Li, Y.Y., Zhang, Y.J., Zhang, S.S., Wu, Y.R., Wu, P., Zheng, S.J. (2008) Cell wall polysaccharides are specifically involved in the exclusion of aluminum from the rice root apex. Plant Physiol. 146:602–611.10.1104/pp.107.111989Suche in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central
Yang, J.L., Zhu, X.F., Peng, Y.X., Zheng, C., Li, G.X., Liu, Y., Shi, Y.Z., Zheng, S.J. (2011) Cell wall hemicellulose contributes significantly to aluminum adsorption and root growth in Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol. 155:1885–1892.10.1104/pp.111.172221Suche in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central
©2014 by Walter de Gruyter Berlin Boston
Artikel in diesem Heft
- Masthead
- Masthead
- Original Articles
- Root neck of Norway spruce as a source of bioactive lignans and stilbenes
- Wood decay by indoor basidiomycetes at different moisture and temperature
- Testing of set recovery of unmodified and furfurylated densified wood by means of water storage and alternating climate tests
- Improvement of dimensional stability of wood by in situ synthesis of organo-montmorillonite: preparation and properties of modified Southern pine wood
- Properties of molding plates made with various matrices impregnated with PF and liquefied wood-based PF resins
- Impregnation of poplar wood (Populus euramericana) with methylolurea and sodium silicate sol and induction of in-situ gel polymerization by heating
- AFM nanoindentation of pulp fibers and thin cellulose films at varying relative humidity
- Prediction of oven-dry density of wood by time-domain terahertz spectroscopy
- Secretion of a bundle of (1→3)-β-glucan hollow fibrils from protoplasts of callus suspension under a Ca2+-rich and acidic stressed condition
- Synthesis and biological activities of α-pinene-based dithiadiazoles
- Aluminum localization in the cell walls of the mature xylem of maple tree detected by elemental imaging using time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS)
- Relationships between 3D roughness parameters and visuotactile perception of surfaces of maritime pinewood and MDF
- Polyelectrolyte complex containing antimicrobial guanidine-based polymer and its adsorption on cellulose fibers
- Combination of neutron imaging (NI) and digital image correlation (DIC) to determine intra-ring moisture variation in Norway spruce
- Influence of wood durability on the suppressive effect of increased temperature on wood decay by the brown-rot fungus Postia placenta
- Experimental and finite element study of the effect of temperature and moisture on the tangential tensile strength and fracture behavior in timber logs
- Short Note
- Pull-out method for direct measuring the interfacial shear strength between short plant fibers and thermoplastic polymer composites (TPC)
- Meetings
- Meetings
Artikel in diesem Heft
- Masthead
- Masthead
- Original Articles
- Root neck of Norway spruce as a source of bioactive lignans and stilbenes
- Wood decay by indoor basidiomycetes at different moisture and temperature
- Testing of set recovery of unmodified and furfurylated densified wood by means of water storage and alternating climate tests
- Improvement of dimensional stability of wood by in situ synthesis of organo-montmorillonite: preparation and properties of modified Southern pine wood
- Properties of molding plates made with various matrices impregnated with PF and liquefied wood-based PF resins
- Impregnation of poplar wood (Populus euramericana) with methylolurea and sodium silicate sol and induction of in-situ gel polymerization by heating
- AFM nanoindentation of pulp fibers and thin cellulose films at varying relative humidity
- Prediction of oven-dry density of wood by time-domain terahertz spectroscopy
- Secretion of a bundle of (1→3)-β-glucan hollow fibrils from protoplasts of callus suspension under a Ca2+-rich and acidic stressed condition
- Synthesis and biological activities of α-pinene-based dithiadiazoles
- Aluminum localization in the cell walls of the mature xylem of maple tree detected by elemental imaging using time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS)
- Relationships between 3D roughness parameters and visuotactile perception of surfaces of maritime pinewood and MDF
- Polyelectrolyte complex containing antimicrobial guanidine-based polymer and its adsorption on cellulose fibers
- Combination of neutron imaging (NI) and digital image correlation (DIC) to determine intra-ring moisture variation in Norway spruce
- Influence of wood durability on the suppressive effect of increased temperature on wood decay by the brown-rot fungus Postia placenta
- Experimental and finite element study of the effect of temperature and moisture on the tangential tensile strength and fracture behavior in timber logs
- Short Note
- Pull-out method for direct measuring the interfacial shear strength between short plant fibers and thermoplastic polymer composites (TPC)
- Meetings
- Meetings