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One-pot synthesis of annulated 1,8-naphthyridines

  • Ivan N. Bardasov EMAIL logo , Anastasiya U. Alekseeva , Nataliya N. Yaschenko , Svetlana V. Zhitar and Anatoliy N. Lyshchikov
Published/Copyright: July 20, 2017
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Heterocyclic Communications
From the journal Heterocyclic Communications Volume 23 Issue 4

Abstract

Annulated 1,8-naphthyridines were synthesized by one-pot reaction of aromatic aldehyde, malononitrile dimer and enehydrazinoketone.

Keywords: cyano compounds; heterocycles; Knoevenagel condensation; Michael addition; 1,8-naphthyridines

Introduction

The naphthyridine moiety is part of many biologically active compounds possessing antimalarial [1], antibacterial [2], [3], anti-inflammatory [4], [5], [6], antiproliferative [7], [8], anticancer [9], [10], [11] and antioxidant activity [12]. In addition, naphthyridine derivatives are used as catalysts [13], [14], [15], fluorescent dyes [16] and sensors [17], [18]. Generally, 1,8-naphthyridines are synthesized by the Friedländer reaction and its modifications using pyridine derivatives as starting materials [19], [20], [21]. In recent years, multicomponent reactions have gained significant attention and have been used for the synthesis of polyfunctional compounds [22], [23], [24], [25], [26], [27]. In the current work, naphthyridines were synthesized from an aromatic aldehyde, the malononitrile dimer and a 3-hydrazinylcyclohex-2-en-1-one through a sequential Michael reaction followed by two sequential heterocyclizations involving amine additions to nitriles.

Results and discussion

Previously, we have described a new method for obtaining 5H-chromeno[2,3-b]pyridines and 1,4-dihydro-1,8-naphthyridines by using double heteroannulation reactions of Michael adducts (DHARMA) strategy [28], [29], [30], [31]. As part of our continued research, we have extended our method to obtain 2,4,10-triamino-6-oxo-5-aryl-5,6,7,8,9,10-hexahydrobenzo[b][1,8]naphthyridine-3-carbonitrile derivatives 2a–j by the reaction of arylmethylidene derivatives of malononitrile dimer 1 and enehydrazinoketones (Scheme 1).

Scheme 1 Synthesis of 2,4,10-triamino-6-oxo-5-aryl-5,6,7,8,9,10-hexahydrobenzo[b][1,8]naphthyridine-3-carbonitrile derivatives 2a–j.
Scheme 1

Synthesis of 2,4,10-triamino-6-oxo-5-aryl-5,6,7,8,9,10-hexahydrobenzo[b][1,8]naphthyridine-3-carbonitrile derivatives 2a–j.

The presence of the nucleophilic and electrophilic centers in the Michael adduct A permits intramolecular heterocyclizations, leading to the formation of 1,8-naphthyridine 2. Thus, following the Michael addition, the first pyridine is formed by nucleophilic attack of the enehydrazine nitrogen atom to the proximal cyano group. The resulting amine B is then captured by the cyano group of the dicyanomethylene moiety to give compound 2.

The most effective way of constructing condensed heterocycles from simple substrates is the use of a multicomponent reaction. This strategy lowers the number of steps, as well as the amount of chemicals, thereby reducing the energy consumption of the process and increasing yield of the product. In this work, a three-component system comprising of aromatic aldehyde, malononitrile dimer and enehydrazinoketone was used to carry out a tandem Knoevenagel–Michael reaction that led to 1,4-dihydro-1,8-naphthyridines 2 in 65%–90% yields.

The structures of compounds 2a–j were confirmed by spectral methods. 1H NMR spectra taken at 27°C indicate that compounds 2g–j exist as diastereomers because of the slow rate of inversion of the nitrogen atom of the dihydropyridine ring (Figure 1). To confirm this analysis, the 1H NMR spectrum of 2g was acquired at 70°C. As expected, a simpler spectrum due to averaging of signals is observed at the higher temperature.

Figure 1 1H NMR spectra of compound 2g at 27°C and at 70°C.
Figure 1

1H NMR spectra of compound 2g at 27°C and at 70°C.

Conclusion

A one-pot synthesis scheme of new 1,8-naphthyridines involves a double heteroannulation reaction.

Experimental

Progress of all reactions and purity of compounds were analyzed by TLC on Silufol UV-254 plates (development by UV irradiation, exposure to iodine vapor or thermal decomposition). IR spectra were recorded on an FT-IR spectrophotometer FSM-1202 using mulls in mineral oil. 1H NMR spectra were registered on a spectrometer Bruker DRX-500 (500.13 MHz) in DMSO-d6 using TMS as the internal standard. Mass spectra (EI, 70 eV) were obtained using a Finnigan MAT INCOS-50 instrument. The signals of a second isomer in NMR spectra of compounds 2g–j are indicated by an asterisk.

General procedure for the synthesis of a series of 2,4-diamino-6-oxo-5-aryl-5,6,7,8,9,10-hexahydrobenzo[b][1,8]naphthyridine-3-carbonitriles 2

A solution of enehydrazinoketone (10 mmol) and piperidine in EtOH (10 mL) was added to a mixture of aromatic aldehyde (10 mmol) and malononitrile dimer (10 mmol) in EtOH (10 mL). The mixture was stirred at 40–50°C for 30 min and the resulting precipitate was filtered and washed with i-PrOH. Crude products were crystallized from a mixture of dioxane and acetonitrile.

2,4-Diamino-10-(dimethylamino)-8,8-dimethyl-6-oxo-5-phenyl-5,6,7,8,9,10-hexahydrobenzo[b][1,8]naphthyridine-3-carbonitrile (2a)

This compound was obtained in 70% yield (0.28 g) as a pale yellow solid; mp 237–238°C (dec); 1H NMR: δ 0.78 (s, 3H, CH3), 1.02 (s, 3H, CH3), 1.96 (d, 1H, J=16 Hz, CH2), 2.17 (d, 1H, J=16 Hz, CH2), 2.48 (d, 1H, J=17 Hz, CH2), 2.92 (d, 1H, J=17 Hz, CH2), 2.98 (s, 3H, N(CH3)2), 3.00 (s, 3H, N(CH3)2), 5.03 (s, 1H, CH), 6.08 (s, 2H, NH2), 6.25 (s, 2H, NH2), 7.06 (t, 1H, J=7 Hz, C6H5), 7.16 (t, 2H, J=7 Hz, C6H5), 7.23 (d, 2H, J=7 Hz, C6H5); IR: 3456, 3427, 3337 (NH2), 2190 (CN), 1630 cm−1 (C=O); MS: m/z (%) 402 [M]+ (10), 358 [M–44]+ (25), 325 [M–77]+ (38), 281 [M–120]+ (100). Anal. Calcd for C23H26N6O: C, 68.63; H, 6.51; N, 20.88. Found: C, 68.77; H, 6.42; N, 20.72.

2,4-Diamino-10-(dimethylamino)-5-(4-fluorophenyl)-8,8-dimethyl-6-oxo-5,6,7,8,9,10-hexahydrobenzo[b][1,8]naphthyridine-3-carbonitrile (2b)

This compound was obtained in 76% yield (0.32 g) as a white solid; mp 254–255°C (dec); 1H NMR: δ 0.78 (s, 3H, CH3), 1.02 (s, 3H, CH3), 1.96 (d, 1H, J=16 Hz, CH2), 2.17 (d, 1H, J=16 Hz, CH2), 2.48 (d, 1H, J=17 Hz, CH2), 2.92 (d, 1H, J=17 Hz, CH2), 2.98 (s, 3H, N(CH3)2), 3.00 (s, 3H, N(CH3)2), 5.06 (s, 1H, CH), 6.14 (s, 2H, NH2), 6.27 (s, 2H, NH2), 6.99 (t, 2H, J=9 Hz, C6H4), 7.25 (dd, 2H, J=9 Hz, J=6 Hz, C6H4); IR: 3459, 3320 (NH2), 2190 (CN), 1680 cm−1 (C=O); MS: m/z (%) 420 [M]+ (18), 377 [M–43]+ (100), 325 [M–95]+ (59). Anal. Calcd for C23H25FN6O: C, 65.70; H, 5.99; N, 19.99. Found: C, 65.54; H, 5.87; N, 20.12.

2,4-Diamino-10-(dimethylamino)-8,8-dimethyl-6-oxo-5-(p-tolyl)-5,6,7,8,9,10-hexahydrobenzo[b][1,8]naphthyridine-3-carbonitrile (2c)

This compound was obtained in 67% yield (0.28 g) as a pale yellow solid; mp 265–266°C (dec); 1H NMR: δ 0.79 (s, 3H, CH3), 1.02 (s, 3H, CH3), 1.95 (d, 1H, J=16 Hz, CH2), 2.16 (d, 1H, J=16 Hz, CH2), 2.18 (s, 3H, CH3), 2.47 (d, 1H, J=18 Hz, CH2), 2.91 (d, 1H, J=18 Hz, CH2), 2.97 (s, 3H, N(CH3)2), 3.00 (s, 3H, N(CH3)2), 4.97 (s, 1H, CH), 6.03 (s, 2H, NH2), 6.23 (s, 2H, NH2), 6.96 (d, 2H, J=8 Hz, C6H4), 7.11 (d, 2H, J=8 Hz, C6H4); IR: 3430, 3333, 3239 (NH2), 2187 (CN), 1641 cm−1 (C=O); MS: m/z (%) 416 [M]+ (20), 373 [M–43]+ (90), 325 [M–91]+ (50), 282 [M–134]+ (100). Anal. Calcd for C24H28N6O: C, 69.21; H, 6.78; N, 20.18. Found: C, 69.08; H, 6.79; N, 20.30.

2,4-Diamino-5-(3-chlorophenyl)-10-(dimethylamino)-8,8-dimethyl-6-oxo-5,6,7,8,9,10-hexahydrobenzo[b][1,8]naphthyridine-3-carbonitrile (2d)

This compound was obtained in 80% yield (0.35 g) as a pale yellow solid; mp 251–252°C (dec); 1H NMR: δ 0.78 (s, 3H, CH3), 1.02 (s, 3H, CH3), 1.98 (d, 1H, J=16 Hz, CH2), 2.18 (d, 1H, J=16 Hz, CH2), 2.48 (d, 1H, J=18 Hz, CH2), 2.92 (d, 1H, J=18 Hz, CH2), 2.98 (s, 3H, N(CH3)2), 3.00 (s, 3H, N(CH3)2), 5.07 (s, 1H, CH), 6.22 (s, 2H, NH2), 6.30 (s, 2H, NH2), 7.08–7.14 (m, 2H, C6H4), 7.21 (t, 1H, J=8 Hz, C6H4), 7.37 (t, 1H, J=2 Hz, C6H4); IR: 3465, 3343, 3211 (NH2), 2196 (CN), 1625 cm−1 (C=O); MS: m/z (%) 436 [M]+ (3), 393 [M–43]+ (20). Anal. Calcd for C23H25ClN6O: C, 63.22; H, 5.77; N, 19.23. Found: C, 63.09; H, 5.86; N, 19.37.

2,4-Diamino-10-(dimethylamino)-6-oxo-5-phenyl-5,6,7,8,9,10-hexahydrobenzo[b][1,8]naphthyridine-3-carbonitrile (2e)

This compound was obtained in 65% yield (0.24 g) as a pale yellow solid; mp 239–240°C (dec); 1H NMR: δ 1.60–1.69 (m, 2H, CH2), 1.88–1.94 (m, 2H, CH2), 2.12–2.24 (m, 2H, CH2), 2.98 (s, 3H, CH3), 3.01 (s, 3H, CH3), 5.07 (s, 1H, CH), 6.08 (s, 2H, NH2), 6.24 (s, 2H, NH2), 7.06 (t, 1H, J=7 Hz, C6H5), 7.14–7.25 (m, 4H, C6H5); IR: 3474, 3360 (NH2), 2201 (CN), 1650 cm−1 (C=O); MS: m/z (%) 374 [M]+ (5), 330 [M–44]+ (16), 297 [M–77]+ (25), 254 [M–120]+ (100). Anal. Calcd for C21H22N6O: C, 67.36; H, 5.92; N, 22.44. Found: C, 67.50; H, 5.83; N, 22.35.

2,4-Diamino-10-(dimethylamino)-5-(4-fluorophenyl)-6-oxo-5,6,7,8,9,10-hexahydrobenzo[b][1,8]naphthyridine-3-carbonitrile (2f)

This compound was obtained in 68% yield (0.27 g) as a pale yellow solid; mp 237–238°C (dec); 1H NMR: δ 1.64–1.68 (m, 2H, CH2), 1.89–1.94 (m, 2H, CH2), 2.14–2.22 (m, 2H, CH2), 2.97 (s, 3H, CH3), 3.01 (s, 3H, CH3), 5.09 (s, 1H, CH), 6.13 (s, 2H, NH2), 6.24 (s, 2H, NH2), 6.98 (t, 2H, J=9 Hz, C6H4), 7.23 (m, 4H, C6H4); IR: 3460, 3340 (NH2), 2204 (CN), 1656 cm−1 (C=O); MS: m/z (%) 392 [M]+ (1), 348 [M–44]+ (4), 254 [M–138]+ (43). Anal. Calcd for C21H21FN6O: C, 64.27; H, 5.39; N, 21.42. Found: C, 64.38; H, 5.28; N, 21.30.

2,4-Diamino-8,8-dimethyl-6-oxo-5-phenyl-10-(phenylamino)-5,6,7,8,9,10-hexahydrobenzo[b][1,8]naphthyridine-3-carbonitrile (2g)

This compound was obtained in 70% yield (0.32 g) as a white solid; mp 229–230°C (dec); 1H NMR: δ 0.76 (s, 3H, CH3)*, 0.79 (s, 3H, CH3), 0.93 (s, 3H, CH3)*, 0.99 (s, 3H, CH3), 1.97 (d, 1H, J=17 Hz, CH2)*, 2.11 (d, 1H, J=16 Hz, CH2), 2.21 (d, 1H, J=14 Hz, CH2)*, 2.24 (d, 1H, J=16 Hz, CH2), 2.28 (d, 1H, J=18.0 Hz, CH2)*, 2.48 (d, 1H, J=18 Hz, CH2), 2.64 (d, 1H, J=18 Hz, CH2), 2.89 (d, 1H, J=17 Hz, CH2)*, 5.16 (s, 1H, CH)*, 5.31 (s, 1H, CH), 5.80 (s, 2H, NH2)*, 6.11 (s, 2H, NH2), 6.16 (s, 2H, NH2)*, 6.29 (s, 2H, NH2), 6.56 (d, 2H, J=8 Hz, C6H5)*, 6.71 (d, 2H, J=8 Hz, C6H5), 6.74 (t, 1H, J=7 Hz, C6H5)*, 6.81 (t, 1H, J=7 Hz, C6H5), 7.08 (t, 1H, J=7 Hz, C6H5)*, 7.12–7.27 (m, 7H, 2C6H5), 7.12–7.27 (m, 4H, 2C6H5)*, 7.35 (d, 2H, J=7 Hz, C6H5)*, 8.21 (s, 1H, NH), 8.62 (s, 1H, NH)*; IR: 3430, 3347 (NH2), 3217 (NH), 2196 (CN), 1620 cm−1 (C=O); MS: m/z (%) 450 [M]+ (55), 373 [M–77]+ (95), 358 [M–92]+ (56), 282 [M–168]+ (100). Anal. Calcd for C27H26N6O: C, 71.98; H, 5.82; N, 18.65. Found: C, 71.88; H, 5.90; N, 18.78.

2,4-Diamino-5-(2-chlorophenyl)-8,8-dimethyl-6-oxo-10-(phenylamino)-5,6,7,8,9,10-hexahydrobenzo[b][1,8]naphthyridine-3-carbonitrile (2h)

This compound was obtained in 90% yield (0.44 g) as a white solid; mp 225–226°C (dec); 1H NMR: δ 0.82 (s, 3H, CH3)*, 0.86 (s, 3H, CH3), 0.95 (s, 3H, CH3)*, 1.00 (s, 3H, CH3), 1.93 (d, 1H, J=16 Hz, CH2)*, 2.01 (d, 1H, J=17 Hz, CH2), 2.19 (d, 1H, J=16 Hz, CH2)*, 2.21 (d, 1H, J=16 Hz, CH2), 2.31 (d, 1H, J=18 Hz, CH2)*, 2.59 (d, 1H, J=17 Hz, CH2), 2.74 (d, 1H, J=18 Hz, CH2), 2.93 (d, 1H, J=17 Hz, CH2)*, 5.25 (s, 1H, CH), 5.29 (s, 1H, CH)*, 5.82 (s, 2H, NH2), 5.82 (s, 2H, NH2)*, 5.92 (s, 2H, NH2)*, 6.17 (s, 2H, NH2), 6.62 (d, 2H, J=8 Hz, C6H5)*, 6.76 (t, 1H, J=7 Hz, C6H5)*, 6.89 (t, 1H, J=7 Hz, C6H5), 6.95 (d, 2H, J=8 Hz, C6H5), 7.13–7.36 (m, 2H, C6H5)*, 7.13–7.36 (m, 2H, C6H5), 7.13–7.36 (m, 3H, C6H4), 7.13–7.36 (m, 3H, C6H4)*, 7.47 (dd, 1H, J=8 Hz, J=1.6 Hz, C6H4)*, 7.54 (d, 1H, J=7 Hz, C6H4), 8.19 (s, 1H, NH), 8.59 (s, 1H, NH)*; IR: 3383, 3312 (NH2), 3205 (NH), 2190 (CN), 1630 (C=O); MS: m/z (%) 484 [M]+ (5). Anal. Calcd for C27H25ClN6O: C, 66.87; H, 5.20; N, 17.33. Found: C, 66.74; H, 5.09; N, 17.47.

2,4-Diamino-8,8-dimethyl-6-oxo-10-(phenylamino)-5-(p-tolyl)-5,6,7,8,9,10-hexahydrobenzo[b][1,8]naphthyridine-3-carbonitrile (2i)

This compound was obtained in 70% yield (0.33 g) as a pale yellow solid; mp 234–235°C (dec); 1H NMR: δ 0.77 (s, 3H, CH3)*, 0.80 (s, 3H, CH3), 0.93 (s, 3H, CH3)*, 0.99 (s, 3H, CH3), 1.96 (d, 1H, J=16 Hz, CH2)*, 2.09 (d, 1H, J=16 Hz, CH2), 2.20 (s, 3H, CH3)*, 2.23 (s, 3H, CH3), 2.24 (d, 1H, J=16 Hz, CH2), 2.28 (d, 1H, J=18 Hz, CH2)*, 2.48 (d, 1H, J=18 Hz, CH2), 2.52 (d, 1H, J=18 Hz, CH2)*, 2.64 (d, 1H, J=18 Hz, CH2), 2.88 (d, 1H, J=18 Hz, CH2)*, 5.10 (s, 1H, CH)*, 5.24 (s, 1H, CH), 5.79 (s, 2H, NH2)*, 6.10 (s, 2H, NH2), 6.11 (s, 2H, NH2)*, 6.22 (s, 2H, NH2), 6.56 (d, 2H, J=8 Hz, C6H5)*, 6.74–6.76 (m, 2H, C6H5), 6.74–6.76 (m, 1H, C6H5)*, 6.82 (t, 1H, J=7 Hz, C6H5), 6.98 (d, 2H, J=8 Hz, C6H4), 7.02 (d, 2H, J=8 Hz, C6H4)*, 7.13–7.19 (m, 2H, C6H5), 7.13–7.19 (m, 2H, C6H5)*, 7.13–7.19 (m, 1H, C6H4), 7.23 (d, 1H, J=8 Hz, C6H4)*, 8.21 (s, 1H, NH), 8.61 (s, 1H, NH)*; IR: 3494, 3302 (NH2), 3234 (NH), 2200 (CN), 1660 cm−1 (C=O); MS: m/z (%) 464 [M]+ (10), 373 [M–91]+ (43), 282 [M–182]+ (67), 93 [M–371]+ (100). Anal. Calcd for C28H28N6O: C, 72.39; H, 6.08; N, 18.09. Found: C, 72.56; H, 5.99; N, 18.23.

2,4-Diamino-8,8-dimethyl-5-(3-nitrophenyl)-6-oxo-10-(phenylamino)-5,6,7,8,9,10-hexahydrobenzo[b][1,8]naphthyridine-3-carbonitrile (2j)

This compound was obtained in 87% yield (0.43 g) as a pale yellow solid; mp 231–232°C (dec); 1H NMR: δ 0.75 (s, 3H, CH3)*, 0.77 (s, 3H, CH3), 0.94 (s, 3H, CH3)*, 1.00 (s, 3H, CH3), 1.98 (d, 1H, J=16.6 Hz, CH2)*, 2.10 (d, 1H, J=16 Hz, CH2), 2.24 (d, 1H, J=16 Hz, CH2)*, 2.27 (d, 1H, J=16 Hz, CH2), 2.31 (d, 1H, J=18 Hz, CH2)*, 2.52 (d, 1H, J=18 Hz, CH2), 2.69 (d, 1H, J=18 Hz, CH2), 2.91 (d, 1H, J=18 Hz, CH2)*, 5.40 (s, 1H, CH)*, 5.48 (s, 1H, CH), 5.92 (s, 2H, NH2)*, 6.20 (s, 2H, NH2), 6.39 (s, 2H, NH2)*, 6.47 (s, 2H, NH2), 6.59 (d, 2H, J=8 Hz, C6H5)*, 6.74–6.80 (m, 1H, C6H5)*, 6.74–6.80 (m, 2H, C6H5), 6.84 (t, 1H, J=7 Hz, C6H5), 7.15–7.20 (m, 2H, C6H5), 7.15–7.20 (m, 2H, C6H5)*, 7.52 (t, 1H, J=8 Hz, C6H4)*, 7.56 (t, 1H, J=8 Hz, C6H4), 7.75 (dt, 1H, J=8 Hz, J=1 Hz, C6H4)*, 7.80 (dt, 1H, J=8 Hz, J=1 Hz, C6H4), 7.99 (ddd, 1H, J=8 Hz, J=2 Hz, J=1 Hz, C6H4)*, 8.04 (ddd, 1H, J=8 Hz, J=2 Hz, J=1 Hz, C6H4), 8.17 (t, 1H, J=2 Hz, C6H4), 8.26 (s, 1H, NH), 8.33 (t, 1H, J=2 Hz, C6H4)*, 8.66 (s, 1H, NH)*; IR: 3492, 3316 (NH2), 3238 (NH), 2198 (CN), 1660 cm−1 (C=O); MS: m/z (%) 495 [M]+ (17), 373 [M–122]+ (74), 93 [M–402]+ (100). Anal. Calcd for C27H25N7O3: C, 65.44; H, 5.09; N, 19.79. Found: C, 65.30; H, 5.00; N, 19.87.

Acknowledgment

This work was supported by a stipend of the President of the Russian Federation for young scientists and graduate students (SP-2141.2016.4).

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Received: 2017-4-7
Accepted: 2017-6-17
Published Online: 2017-7-20
Published in Print: 2017-8-28

©2017 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License, which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Frontmatter
  2. Review
  3. Chemical and pharmacological research on the plants from genus Ajuga
  4. Research Articles
  5. One-pot synthesis of annulated 1,8-naphthyridines
  6. Visible-light mediated regioselective (phenylsulfonyl)difluoromethylation of fused imidazoles with iododifluoromethyl phenyl sulfone
  7. Synthesis of thienopyrimidine-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine hybrids
  8. Regioselective 1,4-conjugate aza-Michael addition of dienones with benzotriazole
  9. A simple one-pot synthesis of 2,4-diaryl- 9H-pyrido[2,3-b]indoles under solvent-free conditions
  10. Cyclodimerization of 3-phenacylideneoxindolines with amino esters for the synthesis of dispiro[indoline-3,1′-cyclopentane-3′,3″-indolines]
  11. An efficient approach to the synthesis of coumarin-fused dihydropyridinones
  12. Halogenoheterocyclization of terminally substituted 2-allylthio(seleno)quinolin- 3-carbaldehydes
  13. A new synthetic route to benzophenone derivatives
  14. Design, synthesis, docking and in vitro antifungal study of 1,2,4-triazole hybrids of 2-(aryloxy)quinolines
  15. Synthesis, antimicrobial activity and anti-biofilm activity of novel tetrazole derivatives
https://doi.org/10.1515/hc-2017-0068
Keywords for this article
cyano compounds; heterocycles; Knoevenagel condensation; Michael addition; 1,8-naphthyridines
Creative Commons
BY-NC-ND 3.0

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Frontmatter
  2. Review
  3. Chemical and pharmacological research on the plants from genus Ajuga
  4. Research Articles
  5. One-pot synthesis of annulated 1,8-naphthyridines
  6. Visible-light mediated regioselective (phenylsulfonyl)difluoromethylation of fused imidazoles with iododifluoromethyl phenyl sulfone
  7. Synthesis of thienopyrimidine-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine hybrids
  8. Regioselective 1,4-conjugate aza-Michael addition of dienones with benzotriazole
  9. A simple one-pot synthesis of 2,4-diaryl- 9H-pyrido[2,3-b]indoles under solvent-free conditions
  10. Cyclodimerization of 3-phenacylideneoxindolines with amino esters for the synthesis of dispiro[indoline-3,1′-cyclopentane-3′,3″-indolines]
  11. An efficient approach to the synthesis of coumarin-fused dihydropyridinones
  12. Halogenoheterocyclization of terminally substituted 2-allylthio(seleno)quinolin- 3-carbaldehydes
  13. A new synthetic route to benzophenone derivatives
  14. Design, synthesis, docking and in vitro antifungal study of 1,2,4-triazole hybrids of 2-(aryloxy)quinolines
  15. Synthesis, antimicrobial activity and anti-biofilm activity of novel tetrazole derivatives
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