“古、方、普、外”——论全球华语研究的四个视角
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王 晓梅
摘要
进入二十一世纪，汉语研究的视角开始由以普通话为核心转向全球华语。这个转变反映了 “中国在语言规划方面也开始采用全球的视野”，将现代汉语在各地的标准变体囊括在 “全球华语” 研究范围之内。与此同时，全球华语研究的理论探讨也急需提上日程。本文将通过马来西亚华语研究的成果，来论证全球华语研究（无论是词汇研究、语音研究，还是语法研究）都应该充分考虑 “古、方、普、外” 四个视角，以解释各地华语特征的结构特点与形成原因。其中，“古” 指的是古代汉语，即马来西亚华语所受到的古汉语影响；“方” 指的是闽、粤、客等南方方言，即马来西亚华语所受到的闽、粤等方言的影响；“普” 指的是普通话，即马来西亚华语与普通话的异同；“外” 指的是英语、马来语、淡米尔语等语言，即马来西亚华语所受到的非汉语（当地语言）的影响。本文尝试从这四个视角来一一分析它们对马来西亚华语的影响，并建构研究全球华语的 “古、方、普、外” 的理论视角。
Abstract
In the era of 21 Century, the perspective of Chinese language studies have shifted from Putonghua to Global Chinese. This shift shows that a global perspective has been adopted in the field of language planning in China, integrating various varieties of modern Chinese into the research scope of Global Chinese. In the meantime, the theory of Global Chinese is urgently needed for this research field. This paper aims to illustrate the four perspectives for the study of Global Chinese based on various studies on Malaysian Mandarin, which are classic Chinese, dialects, Putonghua, and foreign languages. The perspective of classic Chinese focuses on the analysis of elements of classic Chinese maintained in Malaysian Chinese; The perspective of Chinese dialects discusses the impact of Southern Min, Cantonese, Hakka and other Chinese dialects on Malaysian Mandarin; The perspective of Putonghua emphasizes the similarity and difference between Putonghua and Malaysian Mandarin; The perspective of foreign languages examines the influence of Malay, English, Tamil and other local languages on Malaysian Mandarin. By applying the framework fo four perspectives in the study of Global Chinese, the linguistic characteristics of varieties of Huayu and the factors leading to such features can be identified.
本文得到厦门大学马来西亚分校研究基金（项目编号 XMUMRF/2018-C1/IART/0001 ）、“境外汉语语法学史及数据库建设”（项目编号 16ZDA209 ）以及语言资源高精尖创新中心经费的支持，特此感谢。
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Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Filling gaps or code choice? Code-switching across generations in colloquial Singapore Mandarin
- The effect of glossing on incidental vocabulary acquisition in the learning of Chinese as a second language
- “古、方、普、外”——论全球华语研究的四个视角
- 试析流行构式 “X一把” ——兼论流行构式形成过程中体现的当代特色
- 海峡两岸连词 “并” 对比分析
- 《全球華語大詞典》在兩岸詞彙應用上的意義與值
- 试论华语语音教学系统的构建及实施
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Filling gaps or code choice? Code-switching across generations in colloquial Singapore Mandarin
- The effect of glossing on incidental vocabulary acquisition in the learning of Chinese as a second language
- “古、方、普、外”——论全球华语研究的四个视角
- 试析流行构式 “X一把” ——兼论流行构式形成过程中体现的当代特色
- 海峡两岸连词 “并” 对比分析
- 《全球華語大詞典》在兩岸詞彙應用上的意義與值
- 试论华语语音教学系统的构建及实施
