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The Comparative Advantages in the Services Sector of Developing Economies

  • Nuno Cunha and Rosa Forte EMAIL logo
Published/Copyright: November 21, 2017
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Global Economy Journal
From the journal Global Economy Journal Volume 17 Issue 4

Abstract

International trade of goods and services plays an important role in the growth of economies. To make this growth sustainable in the long run, it is important to understand in what goods or services countries have comparative advantage (CA). The present work focuses on the ten biggest developing economies, revealing their CA in the services sector. The main results reveal that India has a CA in computer and information services, Macao, Thailand and Turkey in travel services, China, Hong Kong, India and Taiwan in other business services, Korea in construction and transport services, and Singapore in financial and transport services.

Keywords: exports; trade; comparative advantage; developing countries; services
JEL Classification: F11; F14

Acknowledgements

This research has been financed by the European Regional Development Fund through COMPETE 2020 – Programa Operacional Competitividade e Internacionalização (POCI) and by Portuguese public funds through FCT (Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia) in the framework of the project POCI-01-0145-FEDER-006890.

Appendix

Table 5:

NRCA values for the selected developing economies, 2000 to 2013.

Service CategoryCountry20002001200220032004200520062007200820092010201120122013
TravelCHN0.0550.0560.0550.0100.0230.0250.021−0.003−0.012−0.009−0.021−0.024−0.030−0.041
IND−0.028−0.035−0.041−0.033−0.048−0.060−0.071−0.067−0.071−0.075−0.077−0.079−0.078−0.080
HKG−0,095−0,102−0,090−0,078−0,069−0,065−0,060−0,051−0,044−0,044−0,038−0,028−0,019−0,012
SGP−0,057−0,065−0,070−0,080−0,078−0,074−0,070−0,071−0,067−0,060−0,054−0,050−0,051−0,054
KOR−0,050−0,053−0,054−0,058−0,064−0,064−0,064−0,068−0,061−0,056−0,059−0,053−0,060−0,058
RUS−0,001−0,008−0,009−0,010−0,011−0,015−0,012−0,011−0,012−0,017−0,019−0,019−0,022−0,025
THA0,0260,0230,0210,0210,0240,0170,0270,0300,0290,0250,0300,0410,0490,059
MAC0,0190,0220,0260,0280,0320,0300,0320,0370,0410,0480,0620,0760,0800,089
TWN−0,038−0,034−0,034−0,044−0,033−0,022−0,022−0,021−0,018−0,014−0,014−0,011−0,011−0,011
TUR0,0020,0220,0320,0610,0570,0580,0450,0410,0430,0450,0360,0350,0320,033
Other Business Serv.CHN0,0080,0140,0210,0580,0500,0360,0370,0450,0410,0620,0500,0490,0510,069
IND0,0240,0380,0450,0400,0430,0230,0260,0180,0310,031
HKG0,0720,0850,0810,0750,0620,0560,0490,0410,0400,0500,0450,0390,033
SGP0,0190,0240,0310,0490,0490,0490,0460,0460,0440,001−0,007−0,007−0,007−0,009
KOR0,000−0,001−0,004−0,012−0,015−0,012−0,014−0,013−0,030−0,019−0,011−0,012−0,0060,003
RUS−0,005−0,012−0,008−0,005−0,006−0,003−0,0010,0010,0040,0060,0070,0080,0060,004
THA−0,006−0,0050,0040,002−0,0030,001−0,005−0,006−0,0070,000−0,004−0,010−0,013−0,018
MAC−0,009−0,009−0,010−0,012−0,011−0,012−0,013−0,014−0,017−0,021−0,026−0,030
TWN0,0550,0620,0640,0710,0530,0350,0400,0340,0360,0340,0320,0310,0290,027
TUR0,010−0,006−0,027−0,034−0,034−0,036−0,030−0,029−0,030−0,032−0,027−0,028−0,029−0,030
TransportCHN−0,042−0,039−0,042−0,033−0,031−0,023−0,012−0,001−0,003−0,026−0,020−0,019−0,015−0,019
IND−0,024−0,024−0,024−0,026−0,037−0,046−0,052−0,055−0,060−0,042−0,052−0,045−0,045−0,042
HKG0,0290,0190,0210,0180,0220,0220,0190,0150,0150,0140,0120,0100,0070,005
SGP0,0490,0460,0410,0330,0320,0300,0290,0290,0310,0490,0510,0460,0440,045
KOR0,0620,0600,0550,0720,0770,0650,0570,0600,0720,0450,0580,0420,0420,031
RUS0,0120,0190,0210,0180,0170,0160,0110,0070,0050,0090,0120,0120,0140,016
THA−0,002−0,002−0,006−0,004−0,004−0,003−0,005−0,006−0,005−0,005−0,009−0,012−0,015−0,017
MAC−0,010−0,009−0,010−0,012−0,011−0,011−0,013−0,015−0,016−0,022−0,026−0,027−0,028
TWN−0,009−0,015−0,016−0,012−0,009−0,005−0,0060,001−0,002−0,004−0,001−0,004−0,004−0,003
TUR−0,023−0,012−0,007−0,020−0,019−0,013−0,009−0,005−0,0060,0000,0010,0030,0060,007
Computer and info.CHN−0,001−0,003−0,003−0,001−0,002−0,003−0,003−0,003−0,0020,0000,0020,0070,0100,009
IND0,0410,0590,0610,0680,0760,0850,0940,0980,1080,1090,1090,1110,1060,105
HKG−0,006−0,008−0,008−0,009−0,010−0,011−0,012−0,013−0,013−0,014−0,015−0,017−0,017
SGP−0,002−0,004−0,004−0,005−0,007−0,008−0,008−0,010−0,011
KOR−0,005−0,007−0,007−0,008−0,009−0,009−0,010−0,011−0,014−0,014−0,015−0,014−0,016−0,014
RUS−0,001−0,001−0,002−0,002−0,002−0,002−0,003−0,002−0,003−0,003−0,003−0,004−0,003−0,003
THA−0,004−0,005−0,005−0,005−0,006−0,006−0,007−0,008−0,009
MAC
TWN−0,002−0,003−0,004−0,004−0,005−0,004−0,005−0,005−0,006−0,006−0,006−0,006−0,006−0,005
TUR−0,004−0,004−0,003−0,004−0,005−0,005−0,005−0,005−0,006−0,007−0,006−0,007−0,007−0,007
Financial ServicesCHN−0,011−0,011−0,013−0,012−0,013−0,014−0,017−0,021−0,018−0,017−0,017−0,017−0,013−0,012
IND−0,003−0,003−0,001−0,004−0,006−0,003−0,002−0,0020,0010,0010,0040,0030,0000,000
HKG0,0320,0330,0260,0190,0200,0250,0320,0360,0300,0260,0250,0230,0200,019
SGP0,0090,0120,0140,0170,0150,0160,0190,0240,0220,0320,0280,0320,0330,035
KOR−0,004−0,006−0,004−0,004−0,0020,0000,0020,0030,002−0,002−0,002−0,001−0,002−0,002
RUS−0,003−0,003−0,003−0,003−0,002−0,003−0,003−0,002−0,002−0,002−0,002−0,003−0,002−0,002
THA−0,003−0,004−0,005−0,004−0,004−0,004−0,004−0,004−0,005
MAC−0,001−0,001−0,001−0,001−0,001−0,002−0,002−0,002−0,002−0,003−0,004−0,004
TWN0,001−0,0020,0000,0010,0020,0040,000−0,001−0,001−0,002−0,003−0,002−0,002−0,002
TUR−0,004−0,002−0,003−0,003−0,003−0,003−0,004−0,004−0,002−0,003−0,003−0,003−0,003−0,003
ConstructionCHN0,0010,0030,0040,0030,0010,0040,0000,0060,0160,0150,0290,0250,0150,010
IND0,003−0,002−0,002−0,002−0,002−0,006−0,007−0,008−0,012−0,013−0,012−0,012−0,011−0,010
HKG−0,003−0,003−0,006−0,004−0,005−0,007−0,009−0,010−0,012−0,014−0,012−0,012−0,011
SGP−0,003−0,003−0,003−0,003−0,003−0,005−0,007−0,008−0,011−0,009−0,008−0,007−0,007−0,006
KOR0,0050,0070,0150,0110,0120,0200,0270,0300,0350,0450,0300,0360,0430,040
RUS0,0000,0060,0040,0060,0080,0090,0110,0090,0090,0090,0060,0070,0070,009
THA0,0000,001−0,001−0,001−0,001−0,001−0,002−0,002−0,002−0,003−0,002−0,003−0,003−0,003
MAC
TWN−0,002−0,003−0,004−0,003−0,003−0,003−0,004−0,004−0,004−0,004−0,004−0,004−0,003−0,003
TUR0,0080,0040,0050,0030,0020,0010,0010,000−0,001−0,001−0,001−0,0010,000−0,001

  1. Legend: CHN – China; IND – India; HKG – Hong Kong; SGP – Singapore; KOR – Korea; RUS – Russia; THA – Thailand; MAC – Macao; TWN – Taiwan; TUR – Turkey.

    Source: Own elaboration based on UNCTAD (2016).

Table 6:

NRCA values for the other service categories for the selected developing economies (2000–2013).

Service CategoryCountry20002001200220032004200520062007200820092010201120122013
Communication ServicesCHN0,005−0,007−0,005−0,006−0,009−0,008−0,009−0,008−0,009−0,010−0,009−0,006−0,006−0,007
IND0,0010,0070,0020,0030,0000,0010,0010,000−0,002−0,003−0,004−0,004−0,004−0,002
HKG−0,009−0,007−0,005−0,005−0,005−0,004−0,006−0,006−0,006−0,006−0,004−0,003−0,002
SGP−0,005−0,004−0,005−0,006−0,006−0,005−0,005−0,005−0,005
KOR−0,006−0,005−0,005−0,006−0,006−0,005−0,005−0,006−0,006−0,006−0,004−0,004−0,005−0,004
RUS0,0010,0010,0010,000−0,0010,0000,0000,0010,0000,0000,0010,0010,0010,001
THA−0,003−0,003−0,003−0,003−0,002−0,001−0,002−0,002−0,002−0,002−0,001−0,001−0,002−0,002
MAC−0,001−0,001−0,001−0,001−0,001−0,001−0,001−0,002−0,002−0,002−0,002−0,003
TWN−0,003−0,003−0,003−0,003−0,003−0,002−0,003−0,002−0,002−0,002−0,002−0,002−0,001−0,002
TUR−0,007−0,005−0,004−0,002−0,002−0,002−0,002−0,001−0,001−0,002−0,001−0,001−0,001−0,002
Government Services n.i. e.CHN−0,005−0,005−0,007−0,009−0,008−0,008−0,008−0,008−0,008−0,007−0,008−0,008−0,007−0,006
IND0,0030,001−0,002−0,004−0,004−0,006−0,007−0,006−0,006−0,006−0,006−0,006−0,006−0,006
HKG−0,010−0,011−0,012−0,012−0,009−0,009−0,008−0,007−0,006−0,007−0,007−0,007−0,006
SGP−0,006−0,007−0,007−0,009−0,007−0,007−0,007−0,006−0,006−0,005−0,005−0,006−0,005−0,005
KOR0,0000,0020,0020,0010,0020,0010,0010,001−0,002−0,002−0,002−0,002−0,002−0,002
RUS−0,001−0,002−0,003−0,003−0,002−0,002−0,002−0,001−0,002−0,001−0,001−0,0010,000
THA−0,003−0,003−0,003−0,003−0,002−0,002−0,002−0,002−0,001−0,001−0,001−0,002−0,002−0,002
MAC
TWN−0,004−0,004−0,005−0,005−0,003−0,002−0,001−0,002−0,002−0,001−0,002−0,002−0,002−0,002
TUR−0,003−0,003−0,003−0,004−0,002−0,002−0,001−0,001−0,001−0,001−0,001−0,0010,0000,000
Insurance servicesCHN−0,005−0,004−0,004−0,004−0,004−0,004−0,004−0,004−0,002−0,002−0,0020,0010,0020,002
IND−0,0010,0000,0000,0000,0020,0010,0010,0010,0000,0000,0000,0020,0000,000
HKG−0,003−0,003−0,003−0,003−0,003−0,003−0,003−0,003−0,003−0,003−0,002−0,003−0,002−0,002
SGP0,0000,0020,0030,0050,0040,0020,0020,0010,0020,0060,0070,0040,0040,006
KOR−0,006−0,005−0,004−0,005−0,004−0,004−0,003−0,003−0,003−0,003−0,003−0,003−0,003−0,003
RUS−0,002−0,001−0,001−0,0010,0000,0000,000−0,0010,000−0,001−0,001−0,001−0,001−0,001
THA−0,002−0,002−0,002−0,001−0,001−0,002−0,002−0,002−0,001−0,002−0,001−0,001−0,001−0,002
MAC−0,001−0,001−0,001−0,001−0,001−0,001−0,001−0,001−0,001−0,002−0,002
TWN0,0030,0010,0020,0010,0000,0000,0010,000−0,0010,000−0,0010,0000,000−0,001
TUR−0,004−0,003−0,002−0,001−0,001−0,0010,0010,0010,0010,0000,0010,0010,0010,001
Royalties and License FeesCHN−0,001−0,001−0,001−0,002−0,002−0,003−0,002−0,002−0,002−0,002−0,001−0,002−0,001−0,003
IND0,000−0,001−0,001−0,001−0,002−0,001−0,002−0,002−0,002−0,002−0,002−0,002−0,002−0,002
HKG−0,002−0,001−0,0010,000−0,002−0,002−0,001−0,001−0,001−0,001−0,001−0,002−0,001
SGP−0,0010,0010,0010,0010,0020,0030,0030,0030,0020,0010,0010,0020,0030,002
KOR0,0050,0070,0060,0090,0100,0090,0080,0050,0060,0100,0080,0100,0080,008
RUS0,0000,0000,0010,0000,0000,0000,0000,0010,0000,0000,0000,0000,0010,000
THA−0,001−0,001−0,001−0,001−0,001−0,001−0,001−0,0010,0000,0000,0000,0000,000−0,001
MAC
TWN0,0030,0020,0010,0000,0000,0000,0000,0000,0000,0000,0010,0010,0010,001
TUR−0,001−0,001−0,001−0,001−0,001−0,001−0,001−0,001−0,001−0,001−0,001−0,001−0,001−0,001
Personal, Cultural and Recreational ServicesCHN−0,003−0,002−0,004−0,003−0,004−0,003−0,002−0,002−0,002−0,002−0,002−0,002−0,003−0,003
IND−0,002−0,002−0,0010,0000,0000,000−0,001−0,0010,0000,001
HKG−0,004−0,002−0,004−0,003−0,001−0,001−0,001−0,001−0,0010,0000,0000,000−0,001
SGP−0,003−0,001−0,002−0,002−0,002−0,002−0,001−0,001−0,0010,0000,0000,000−0,001−0,001
KOR−0,0020,000−0,002−0,002−0,002−0,0010,0000,0000,0000,0000,0010,0010,0020,002
RUS0,000−0,0010,0000,0000,0000,0000,0000,0000,0000,0010,0010,0010,001
THA−0,0010,0000,0000,0000,0000,0000,000−0,001−0,001
MAC
TWN−0,002−0,001−0,002−0,002−0,001−0,001−0,001−0,0010,0000,0000,0000,0000,0000,000
TUR0,0260,0100,0120,0050,0080,0050,0040,0030,0030,0020,0020,0030,0030,003

  1. Legend: CHN – China; IND – India; HKG – Hong Kong; SGP – Singapore; KOR – Korea; RUS – Russia; THA – Thailand; MAC – Macao; TWN – Taiwan; TUR – Turkey.

  2. Source: Own elaboration based on UNCTAD (2016).

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Published Online: 2017-11-21

© 2017 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

Articles in the same Issue

  2. Analyzing Trade Growth Effects of Deviations from Long-run Economic Growth
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  4. Economic Freedom and the Informal Economy
  5. Sustainability of Current Account Deficits in the OECD Countries: Evidence from Panel Data Estimators
  6. The Anatomy of Trade Deflection
  7. An Empirical Analysis of Aggregate Import Demand Function for India
  8. Russia and the Use of Trade Policy: Concentration with Soviet Successor States
  9. The Comparative Advantages in the Services Sector of Developing Economies
https://doi.org/10.1515/gej-2017-0063
Keywords for this article
exports; trade; comparative advantage; developing countries; services

Articles in the same Issue

  2. Analyzing Trade Growth Effects of Deviations from Long-run Economic Growth
  3. The Asymmetric Effects of Exchange Rate Changes on the Trade Balance of Singapore
  4. Economic Freedom and the Informal Economy
  5. Sustainability of Current Account Deficits in the OECD Countries: Evidence from Panel Data Estimators
  6. The Anatomy of Trade Deflection
  7. An Empirical Analysis of Aggregate Import Demand Function for India
  8. Russia and the Use of Trade Policy: Concentration with Soviet Successor States
  9. The Comparative Advantages in the Services Sector of Developing Economies
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