White Gaussian Noise – Models for Engineers
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Friedrich K. Jondral
Abstract
This paper assembles some information about white Gaussian noise (WGN) and its applications. It starts from a description of thermal noise, i. e. the irregular motion of free charge carriers in electronic devices. In a second step, mathematical models of WGN processes and their most important parameters, especially autocorrelation functions and power spectrum densities, are introduced. In order to proceed from mathematical models to simulations, we discuss the generation of normally distributed random numbers. The signal-to-noise ratio as the most important quality measure used in communications, control or measurement technology is accurately introduced. As a practical application of WGN, the transmission of quadrature amplitude modulated (QAM) signals over additive WGN channels together with the optimum maximum likelihood (ML) detector is considered in a demonstrative and intuitive way.
References
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© 2018 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston
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Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Frequency Reconfigurable Antenna for Deca-Band 5 G/LTE/WWAN Mobile Terminal Applications
- Printed Antenna Array with Flat-Top Radiation Pattern
- CPW-fed Circularly Polarized Slot Antenna with Small Gap and Stick-shaped Shorted Strip for UHF FRID Readers
- Frequency Reconfigurable Quasi-Yagi Antenna with a Novel Balun Loading Four PIN Diodes
- Analysis and Optimization of Conformal Patch Excited Wideband DRA of Several Shapes
- Synthesis of Conformal Phased Antenna Arrays With A Novel Multiobjective Invasive Weed Optimization Algorithm
- Stopband-Extended and Size-Miniaturized Low-Pass Filter Based on Interdigital Capacitor Loaded Hairpin Resonator with Four Transmission Zeros
- Electronically Reconfigurable Varactor-Loaded HMSIW Bandpass Filter
- Differential BPFs with Multiple Transmission Zeros Based on Terminated Coupled Lines
- Wideband Bandpass Filter with High Selectivity and an Adjustable Notched-band Adopting a Multi-mode Resonator
- UWB Bandpass Filter with Ultra-wide Stopband based on Ring Resonator
- Design of Compact Wilkinson Power Divider with Harmonic Suppression using T-Shaped Resonators
- Dual Segment Glocal Model Based Capacitive Level Sensor (CLS) for Adhesive Material and Level Detection
- 100 GHz FMCW Radar Module Based on Broadband Schottky-diode Transceiver
- Modeling of Graphene Planar Grating in the THz Range by the Method of Singular Integral Equations
- Evanescent-Wave Reconstruction in Time Reversal System
- White Gaussian Noise – Models for Engineers
