How Ideological Diversity Moderates Republican Support for Voter Suppression Measures: The Cases of Georgia and Alabama

References

Anderson, C. 2018. One Person, No Vote: How Voter Suppression is Destroying our Democracy. New York: Bloomsbury.Search in Google Scholar

Arceneaux, K., and R. Truex. 2022. “Donald Trump and the Lie.” Perspectives on Politics. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1537592722000901.Search in Google Scholar

Atlanta, Journal-Constitution. 2021. “Poll of Georgia Voters – January 2021.” https://www.ajc.com/politics/interactive-poll-of-georgia-voters-january-2021/TWP2LTEGFZENGNFUPMS3NIWPDWU (accessed April 28, 2024).Search in Google Scholar

Augusta Chronicle. 2015. “GOP Leaders Need Help,” March 11.Search in Google Scholar

Beach, D., and R. B. Pedersen. 2016. Causal Case Study Methods: Foundations and Guidelines for Comparing, Matching, and Tracing. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.10.3998/mpub.6576809Search in Google Scholar

Beer, T. 2020. “Trump Calls for Resignation of Georgia Gov. Brian Kemp,” Forbes. (December 30).Search in Google Scholar

Beer, T. 2021. “Record Turnout: More Georgians Voted in Senate Runoffs than 2016 Presidential Election,” Forbes (January 6).Search in Google Scholar

Bentele, K. G., and E. E. O’Brien. 2013. “Jim Crow 2.0? Why States Consider and Adopt Restrictive Voter Access Policies.” Perspectives on Politics 11 (4): 1088–116. https://doi.org/10.1017/s1537592713002843.Search in Google Scholar

Berman, A. 2015. Give Us the Ballot: The Modern Struggle for Voting Rights in America. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux.Search in Google Scholar

Biggers, D., and M. J. Hanmer. 2017. “Understanding the Adoption of Voter Identification Laws in the American States.” American Politics Research 45 (4): 560–88. https://doi.org/10.1177/1532673x16687266.Search in Google Scholar

Bluestein, G. 2015. “Report: State Rep. Mark Hamilton to Leave Legislature.” Atlanta Journal-Constitution (May 11). Section: Political Insider.Search in Google Scholar

Bluestein, G., and B. Felicien. 2018. “Abrams Brings Stars, Kemp Draws Contrasts.” Atlanta Journal-Constitution (October 5). B4.Search in Google Scholar

Bluestein, G. 2021a. “Election Proposals Split State GOP: A Few Changes Have Support, but Some Leaders Are Resisting Several Far-Reaching Recommendations.” Atlanta Journal-Constitution (February 10). B1.Search in Google Scholar

Bluestein, G. 2021b. “Kemp: Photo ID Requirements for Absentee Ballots ‘Front and Center’ This Year.” Atlanta Journal-Constitution (January 12). Section: Politics.Search in Google Scholar

Bluestein, G. 2021c. “Georgia’s No. 2 Republican Boycotts Debate over Election Restrictions.” Atlanta Journal-Constitution (March 8). Section: Politics.Search in Google Scholar

Boatright, B. K., and A. Smith. 2019. “HB 316 – Voting System.” Georgia State University Law Review 36 (1): 81–122.Search in Google Scholar

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2024. “Bridged-Race Population Estimates 2000-2020.” Available on CDC WONDER Online Database. http://wonder.cdc.gov/bridged-race-v2020.html (accessed Mar 15, 2024).Search in Google Scholar

Clarke, A. J., V. Craig, and A. E. Wiseman. 2024. “The Conditional Lawmaking Benefits of Party Faction Membership in Congress.” Political Research Quarterly 77 (1): 121–36. https://doi.org/10.1177/10659129231196566.Search in Google Scholar

Cohn, N. 2014. “The Big Role of Black Churches in Two Senate Races.” New York Times (October 29). http://nytimes.com/2014/10/30/upshot/data-from-sunday-points-to-black-churches-role-in-mobilizing-voters.html (accessed Jun 25, 2024).Search in Google Scholar

Cook Political Report. 2014a. 2014 Senate Race Ratings. https://www.cookpolitical.com/ratings/senate-race-ratings/139256 (accessed November 3, 2023).Search in Google Scholar

Cook Political Report. 2014b. 2014 Governor Race Ratings. https://www.cookpolitical.com/ratings/governor-race-ratings/139261 (accessed November 3, 2023).Search in Google Scholar

Cummings, E., and J. Raskin. 2019. Letter to Governor Brian Kemp (March 6). https://oversightdemocrats.house.gov/news/press-releases/chairmen-seek-documents-from-georgia-governor-and-secretary-of-state-on-reports (accessed June 25, 2024).Search in Google Scholar

Daniels, G. R. 2020. Uncounted: The Crisis of Voter Suppression in America. New York: NYU Press, 2020.10.18574/nyu/9781479883479.001.0001Search in Google Scholar

Denham, H., and J. McGregor. 2021. “HP, Dow, under Armour Among Nearly 200 Companies Speaking Out against Voting Law Changes in Texas, Other States,” Washington Post (April 2). https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/2021/04/02/companies-against-state-voter-restrictions (accessed June 25, 2024).Search in Google Scholar

DiSalvo, D. 2012. Engines of Change: Party Factions in American Politics, 1868–2010. Oxford: Oxford University Press.10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199891702.001.0001Search in Google Scholar

Evans, B. 2021a. “Absentee-Voting Restriction Bills Advance in Georgia State Senate.” Albany Herald (February 17). Section: News.Search in Google Scholar

Evans, B. 2021b. “Duncan Backs No-Excuse Absentee Voting in Georgia amid Calls to Eliminate.” Griffin Daily News (January 26). Section: Page: A1.Search in Google Scholar

Evans, B. 2021c. “Stricter Absentee Voter ID Rules Advance to Georgia Senate.” Augusta Chronicle (February 18). Section: News/Politics.Search in Google Scholar

Evans, B. 2021d. “Big Changes to Vote-By-Mail in Georgia Clear State House.” Augusta Chronicle (March 1). Section: News/Politics.Search in Google Scholar

Evans, B. 2021f. “Broad Bill to End No-Excuse Mail-In Votes, Boost Voter ID Clears Georgia Senate,” Albany Herald (March 8). Section: Politics.Search in Google Scholar

Foody, K. 2015. “Ga. Lawmakers Approach Key Deadline to Keep Bills Alive”, News. Associated Press.Search in Google Scholar

Fowler, S. 2021. “What’s Similar (and Different) about Georgia’s Two Omnibus Voting Bills.” WGPB, March 23. https://www.gpb.org/news/2021/03/23/whats-similar-and-different-about-georgias-two-omnibus-voting-bills (accessed April 28, 2024).Search in Google Scholar

Galloway, J. 2015. “Hold on Early Voting Cuts Signals Democrats’ Gold Dome Leverage.” The Atlanta Journal-Constitution (February 20). Section: Political Insider.Search in Google Scholar

Galloway, J. 2019. “House GOP Concedes Abrams Had a Point.” Atlanta Journal-Constitution (February 20). Section: Political Insider.Search in Google Scholar

Gelles, D., and A. R. Sorkin. 2021. “Hundreds of Companies Unite to Oppose Voting Limits, but Others Abstain.” New York Times (May 27). http://nytimes.com/2021/04/14/business/ceos-corporate-america-voting-rights.html (accessed June 25, 2024).Search in Google Scholar

Georgia State Assembly. 2021. Timeline for Enactment of SB 202. https://www.legis.ga.gov/legislation/59827 (accessed April 8, 2023).Search in Google Scholar

Gidron, N., and D. Ziblatt. 2019. “Center-Right Political Parties in Advanced Democracies.” Annual Review of Political Science 22: 17–35. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-polisci-090717-092750.Search in Google Scholar

Grossmann, M., M. P. Jordan, and J. McCrain. 2021. “The Correlates of State Policy and the Structure of State Panel Data.” State Politics and Policy Quarterly: 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1017/spq.2021.17.Search in Google Scholar

Grumbach, J. 2022. Laboratories against Democracy: How National Parties Transformed State Politics. Princeton: Princeton University Press.10.1515/9780691218472Search in Google Scholar

Grumbach, J. 2023. “Laboratories of Democratic Backsliding.” American Political Science Review 117 (3): 967–984.10.1017/S0003055422000934Search in Google Scholar

Hasen, R. 2013. The Voting Wars. New Haven: Yale University Press.Search in Google Scholar

Hejny, J., and A. Hilton. 2021. “Bringing Contention in: A Critical Perspective on Political Parties as Institutions.” Studies in Political Economy 102 (2): 161–81. https://doi.org/10.1080/07078552.2021.1949785.Search in Google Scholar

Hicks, W. D., S. C. McKee, M. D. Sellers, and D. A. Smith. 2015. “A Principle or a Strategy? Voter Identification Laws and Partisan Competition in the American States.” Political Research Quarterly 68 (1): 18–33. https://doi.org/10.1177/1065912914554039.Search in Google Scholar

Highton, B., and R. E. Wolfinger. 1998. “Estimating the Effects of the National Voter Registration Act of 1993.” Political Behavior 20 (2): 79–104. https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1024851912336.10.1023/A:1024851912336Search in Google Scholar

Hilton, A. 2021. True Blues: The Contentious Transformation of the Democratic Party. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.10.9783/9780812297966Search in Google Scholar

Hollis, M. 2011. “GOP Set to Pass Voter ID Law.” Huntsville Times, March 31. Page: 9A.Search in Google Scholar

Joint Study Committee. 2014. Final Report of the Joint Study Committee on Critical Transportation Infrastructure Funding. https://www.ncdot.gov/about-us/how-we-operate/finance-budget/nc-first/Documents/georgia-report.pdf (accessed December 30).Search in Google Scholar

Jones, W. C. 2014. “Transportation Funding Rises to the Top of Georgia Legislative Concerns.” Athens Banner-Herald (December 8). Section: Local News.Search in Google Scholar

Jones, W. C. 2015a. “Key Bills Fail to Make Crossover Deadline,” Athens Banner-Herald (March 14). Section: Local News.Search in Google Scholar

Jones, W. C. 2015b. “Poll: Most Voters Oppose House Road-Funding Plan.” Athens Banner-Herald March 5. Section: Local News.Search in Google Scholar

Levitsky, S., and D. Ziblatt. 2018. How Democracies Die. New York: Crown.Search in Google Scholar

Levy, P. 2018. “Judge Says Georgia’s ‘Vulnerable’ Voting System May be Unconstitutional but Can Stay through Midterms.” Mother Jones September 18. https://www.motherjones.com/politics/2018/09/judge-sasys-georgias-vulnerable-voting-system-may-be-unconstitutional-but-allows-it-to-remain-through-midterms/ (accessed June 25, 2024).Search in Google Scholar

Lockette, T. 2010. “A Doctor’s Oaths: Can Robert Bentley Live Up to These Campaign Promises? ”Anniston Star (November 6).” Section: Politics.Search in Google Scholar

Lockhart, P. R. 2018. “Georgia, 2018’s Most Prominent Voting Rights Battleground, Explained.” Vox (November 6). https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2018/10/26/18024468/georgia-voter-suppression-stacey-abrams-brian-kemp-voting-rights (accessed June 25, 2024).Search in Google Scholar

Meyer, D. S., and S. Suzanne. 1996. “Movements, Countermovements, and the Structure of Political Opportunity.” American Journal of Sociology 101 (6): 1628–60. https://doi.org/10.1086/230869.Search in Google Scholar

Mottl, T. L. 1980. “The Analysis of Countermovements.” Social Problems 27 (5): 620–35. https://doi.org/10.1525/sp.1980.27.5.03a00090.Search in Google Scholar

Nadler, B. 2019. Georgia Official Seeks to Replace Criticized Machines. Associated Press (January 23).Search in Google Scholar

Nadler, B. 2021. Georgia Legislature Braces for a Battle over Voting Laws. Associated Press (January 8).Search in Google Scholar

Niesse, M. 2019a. “Bill Would Bring Back Paper Ballots for Georgia Elections.” Atlanta Journal-Constitution (January 23). Page: A1.Search in Google Scholar

Niesse, M. 2019b. “AJC Poll: Georgians Support Paper Ballots and Oppose Voter Purges.” Atlanta Journal-Constitution (January 21). Page: A1.Search in Google Scholar

Niesse, M. 2019c. “Georgia Election Bill Would Give Voters More Time before Being Purged.” Atlanta Journal-Constitution (February 16). Section: News.Search in Google Scholar

Niesse, M. 2019d. “New Voting Machines in Ga Pass Key Hurdle.” Atlanta Journal-Constitution (February 27). Page: A1.Search in Google Scholar

Niesse, M. 2021a. “Senate Supports IDs for Absentee Voting.” Atlanta Journal-Constitution (February 24). Page: A1.Search in Google Scholar

Niesse, M. 2021b. “Some Voting Limits Aren’t in Bill.” Atlanta Journal-Constitution (March 20). Page: B1.Search in Google Scholar

O’Hearn, M. 2021. “Election Reform Bills Clear Senate Subcommittee, Headed to Full Chamber for Vote Next Week.” Times-Georgian (February 19).” Section: Local News.Search in Google Scholar

Parry, J. A., A. J. Dowdle, A. B. Long, and J. Kloss. 2022. “The Rule, Not the Exception: One-Party Monopolies in the American States.” State Politics and Policy Quarterly 22 (2): 226–45.10.1017/spq.2022.2Search in Google Scholar

Payne, A. 2020. “Trump Calls Raffensperger Enemy of People over Baseless Election Claims,” Business Insider (November 27). https://www.businessinsider.com/trump-calls-raffensperger-enemy-of-people-over-baseless-election-claims-2020-11 (accessed June 25, 2024).Search in Google Scholar

Pomante, M., S. Schraufnagel, and Qian, L. 2023. The Cost of Voting in the American States. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas.10.2307/jj.8441690Search in Google Scholar

Rakich, N., G. Skelley, L. Bronner, and J. Wolfe. 2021. “How Democrats Won the Georgia Runoffs.” FiveThirtyEight (January 7). https://fivethirtyeight.com/features/how-democrats-won-the-georgia-runoffs/ (accessed June 25, 2024).Search in Google Scholar

Rawls, P. 2011. “Ala. Legislature Halfway to Passing Photo ID Law.” Associated Press.Search in Google Scholar

Rhodes, J. H. 2017. Ballot Blocked: The Political Erosion of the Voting Rights Act. Palo Alto: Stanford University Press.Search in Google Scholar

Rocha, R. R., and T. Matsubayashi. 2014. “The Politics of Race and Voter ID Laws in the States: The Return of Jim Crow?” Political Research Quarterly 67 (3): 666–79, https://doi.org/10.1177/1065912913514854.Search in Google Scholar

Rohde, D. 1991. Parties and Leaders in the Post-Reform House. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.10.7208/chicago/9780226724058.001.0001Search in Google Scholar

Ross, D. 2023. “Voting Rights in Alabama, 2006 to 2022.” University of Pennsylvania Journal of Constitutional Law 25 (2): 252–307.Search in Google Scholar

Salzer, J. 2018. “Democrats Gain 13 Seats in Legislature, Mostly in North Metro Atlanta.” Atlanta Journal-Constitution (November 7). Page: A7.Search in Google Scholar

Seawright, J., and J. Gerring. 2008. “Case Selection Techniques in Case Study Research: A Menu of Qualitative and Quantitative Options.” Political Research Quarterly 61 (2): 294–308. https://doi.org/10.1177/1065912907313077.Search in Google Scholar

Shear, M. D., and S. Saul. 2021. “In Taped Call, Trump Pressured Georgia Official to ‘Find’ Votes to Overturn Election.” New York Times, January 3.Search in Google Scholar

Shenin, A. G., and K. Torres. 2015a. “The Georgia Legislature: How the Major Bills Fared.” Atlanta Journal and Constitution (April 5). Page: A11.Search in Google Scholar

Shenin, A. G., and K. Torres. 2015b. “GOP Split over Transit.” Atlanta Journal-Constitution (January 26). Page: A1.Search in Google Scholar

Shor, B., and N. McCarty. 2010. “The Ideological Mapping of American Legislatures.” American Political Science Review 105 (3): 530–51. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0003055411000153.Search in Google Scholar

Southern Poverty Law, Center. 2021. Selma, Shelby County, & beyond: Alabama’s Unyielding Record of Racial Discrimination in Voting, the Unwavering Alabamians Who Fight Back, & the Critical Need to Restore the Voting Rights Act August 16. https://www.splcenter.org/sites/default/files/splc_alabama_voting_rights_report_with_exhibits_final.pdf (accessed June 25, 2024).Search in Google Scholar

Targeted News Service. 2011. Chapman Releases Legislative Wish List February 22.Search in Google Scholar

Tilly, C., and S. G. Tarrow. 2015. Contentious Politics. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Search in Google Scholar

Wang, T. 2012. The Politics of Voter Suppression. Ithaca: Cornell University Press 2012.10.7591/cornell/9780801450853.001.0001Search in Google Scholar

White, D. 2011a. “Panel Passes Bill to Cap Increases in Ed Spending.” Huntsville Times (March 3). Page: 2-B.Search in Google Scholar

White, D. 2011b. “Lawmakers Expect Key Votes by June 9,” Huntsville Times (May 23). Page: 01-A.Search in Google Scholar

White, D. 2011c. “State Legislators Approve Budgets, Health Care, ID Among Bills.” Birmingham News (June 10). Page: 10-A.Search in Google Scholar

White, D. 2011d. “Bentley Praises Session’s Work ‘Productive and Responsive Bills.” Birmingham News (June 11). Page: 1-B.Search in Google Scholar

Wickert, D. 2021. “How Fight to Limit Voting Unfolded: Legislators Borrow from Legal Arguments Rejected by Courts.” Atlanta Journal-Constitution (March 14). Page A1.Search in Google Scholar

UMass Poll. 2021. UMass Amherst Poll December 2021 Survey December 14–20. https://polsci.umass.edu/toplines-and-crosstabs-december-2021-national-poll-presidential-election-jan-6th-insurrection-us (accessed June 25, 2024).Search in Google Scholar