Abstract
This article addresses the use of the auxiliary do in affirmative declarative clauses (so-called periphrastic do) during the early stages of the shift from Irish, the Celtic language spoken in Ireland, to English as the more common vernacular language there. A corpus compiled from the digital edition of the 1641 Depositions, a collection of witness testimonies recorded after a rebellion in Ireland, is used to examine the functions of periphrastic do. The focus is on possible habitual uses, since contemporary Irish English allows for the marking of habitual aspect in ways which differ significantly from the marking of habituality in other varieties of English. The data show that a periphrasis consisting of do plus the infinitive of a lexical verb (V) is often used in the 1641 Depositions in combination with markers of duration, yielding a habitual interpretation. It is argued that such uses, whose existence in the superstratal variety, Early Modern British English, has not been established, provided the conditions for the exaptation of do as a dedicated marker of habitual aspect, on the model of the habitual categories found in the verbal system of Irish.
Acknowledgements
This research was supported by the Spanish State Research Agency (grant number PID2023-146887NB-I00) and the Consellería de Educación, Ciencia, Universidades e Formación Profesional of the Regional Government of Galicia, Spain (grant number ED431B 2023/03). We would like to thank the editor and editorial assistant of the journal and two anonymous reviewers for their insightful and constructive comments.
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