Design of an environmentally friendly fuel based on a synthetic composite nano-catalyst through parameter estimation and process modeling
-
Aysar T. Jarullah
,
Sarmad K. Muhammed
Abstract
In this paper, oxidative desulfurization (ODS) process is studied for the purpose of removing the sulfur components from light gas oil (LGO) via experimentation and process modeling. A recently developed (by the authors) copper and nickel oxide based composite nano-catalyst is used in the process. The ODS experiments are conducted in a batch reactor and air is used as an oxidizer under moderate operation conditions. Determination of the kinetic parameters with high accuracy is necessary of the related chemical reactions to develop a helpful model for the ODS operation giving a perfect design of the reactor and process with high confidence. High conversion of 92% LGO was obtained under a reaction temperature of 413 K and reaction time of 90 min for synthesized Cu Ni /HY nano-catalyst. Here model based optimization technique incorporating experimental data is used to estimate such parameters. Two approaches (linear and non-linear) are utilized to estimate the best kinematic parameters with an absolute error of less than 5% between the predicted and the experimental results. An environmentally friendly fuel is regarded the main goal of this study, therefore the optimization process is then employed utilizing the validated model of the prepared composite nano-catalyst to get the optimal operating conditions achieving maximum conversion of such process. The results show that the process is effective in removing more than 99% of the sulfur from the LGO resulting in a cleaner fuel.
-
Author contribution: All the authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this submitted manuscript and approved submission.
-
Research funding: None declared.
-
Conflict of interest statement: The authors declare no conflicts of interest regarding this article.
References
1. Song, C, Ma, X. New design approaches to ultra-clean diesel fuels by deep desulfurization and deep dearomatization. Appl Catal 2003;41:207–38. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0926-3373(02)00212-6.Search in Google Scholar
2. Babich, IV, Moulijn, JA. Science and technology of novel processes for deep desulfurization of oil refinery streams: a review. Fuel 2003;82:607–31. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0016-2361(02)00324-1.Search in Google Scholar
3. Gore, W. Method of desulphurization of hydrocarbons. USA Patents 6, 274, 785, 2001.Search in Google Scholar
4. Sobati, MA, Dehkordi, AM, Shahrokhi, M. Liquid-liquid extraction of oxidized sulfur-containing compounds of non-hydro treated kerosene. Fuel Process Technol 2010;9:1386–94. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuproc.2010.05.010.Search in Google Scholar
5. Wang, R, Yu, F, Zhang, G, Zhao, H. Performance evaluation of the carbon nanotubes supported Cs2.5H0.5PW12O40 as efficient and recoverable catalyst for the oxidative removal of dibenzothiophene. Catal Today 2010;150:37–41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cattod.2009.10.001.Search in Google Scholar
6. Zhang, M, Zhu, W, Xun, S, Li, H, Gu, Q, Zhao, Z. Deep oxidative desulfurization of dibenzothiophene with POMbased hybrid materials in ionic liquids. Chem Eng J 2013;220:328–36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2012.11.138.Search in Google Scholar
7. Yuan, B, Yu, FL, Liu, CY, Xie, CX, Yu, ST. Self-assembly heteropoly acid catalyzed oxidative desulfurization of fuel with oxygen. Catal Commun 2015;68:49–52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catcom.2015.04.029.Search in Google Scholar
8. Rostami, A, Navasi, Y, Moradi, D, Ghorbani-Choghamarani, A. DABCO tribromide immobilized on magnetic nanoparticle as a recyclable catalyst for the chemoselective oxidation of sulfide using H2O2 under metal- and solvent-free conditions. Catal Commun 2014;43:16–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catcom.2013.08.025.Search in Google Scholar
9. Kumar, N, Urkude, N, Sonawane, SS, Sonawane, SH. Experimental study on pool boiling and Critical Heat Flux enhancement of metal oxides based nanofluid. Int Commun Heat Mass Tran 2018;96:37–42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2018.05.018.Search in Google Scholar
10. Bhanvase, BA, Barai, DP, Sonawane, SH, Kumar, N, Sonawane, SS. Intensified heat transfer rate with the use of nanofluids. Handbook of nanomaterials for industrial applications. UK: Elsevier; 2018:739–50 pp.10.1016/B978-0-12-813351-4.00042-0Search in Google Scholar
11. Thakur, P, Sonawane, SS, Sonawane, SH, Bhanvase, BA. Nanofluids-based delivery system, encapsulation of nanoparticles for stability to make stable nanofluids. Encapsulation of active molecules and their delivery system. UK: Elsevier; 2020:141–52 pp.10.1016/B978-0-12-819363-1.00009-0Search in Google Scholar
12. Jarullah, AT, Aldulaim, SK, Al-Tabbakh, BK, Mujtaba, IM. A new synthetic composite nano-catalyst achieving an environmentally friendly fuel by batch oxidative desulfurization. Chem Eng Res Des 2020;29:3366–76.10.1016/j.cherd.2020.05.015Search in Google Scholar
13. Rahman, M, Awang, M, Youf, A. Preparation, characterization and application of zeolite Y for water filtration. Aust J Basic Appl Sci 2012;6:50–4.Search in Google Scholar
14. Pedrosa, AM, Marcelo, JB, Dulce, MA, Antonio, SA. Colbalt and nickel supported on HY zeolite: synthesis, characterization and catalytic properties. J Mater Res Bull 2006;41:1105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.materresbull.2005.11.010.Search in Google Scholar
15. Ancheyta, J, Marroquín, G, Esteban, C. A batch reactor study to determine effectiveness factors of commercial HDS catalyst. Catal Today 2005;104:70–5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cattod.2005.03.026.Search in Google Scholar
16. Ahmed, GS, Jarullah, AT, Al-Tabbakh, BK, Mujtaba, IM. Design of an environmentally friendly reactor for naphtha oxidative desulfurization by air employing a new synthetic nano-catalyst based on experiments and modelling. J Clean Prod 2020;257:120436. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.120436.Search in Google Scholar
17. Nawaf, AT, Saba, AG, Jarullah, AT, Mujtaba, IM. Optimal design of a trickle bed reactor for light fuel oxidative desulfurization based on experiments and modeling. Energy Fuels 2015;29:3366–76. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5b00157.Search in Google Scholar
18. Jarullah, AT, Ahmed, GS, Al-Tabbakh, BK, Mujtaba, IM. Enhancement of light naphtha quality and environment using new synthetic nano-catalyst for oxidative desulfurization: experiments and process modeling. Comput Chem Eng 2020;140:106869. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compchemeng.2020.106869.Search in Google Scholar
19. Ahmed, MA, Jarullah, AT, Abed, FM, Mujtaba, IM. Modelling of an industrial naphtha isomerization reactor and development and assessment of a new isomerization process. Chem Eng Res Des 2018;137:33–46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cherd.2018.06.033.Search in Google Scholar
20. Mohammed, AE, Jarullah, AT, Ghani, SA, Mujtaba, IM. Optimal design and operation of an industrial three phase reactor for phenol oxidation. Comput Chem Eng 2016;94:257–71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compchemeng.2016.07.018.Search in Google Scholar
21. Jarullah, AT, Noor, AA, Mujtaba, IM. Optimal design and operation of an industrial fluidized catalytic cracking reactor. Fuel 2017;206:657–74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2017.05.092.Search in Google Scholar
22. Larachi, F, Dudukovic, MP, Mills, P. Multiphase catalytic reactors: a perspective on current knowledge and future trends. Catal Rev Sci Eng 2002;44:123–246. https://doi.org/10.1081/CR-120001460.Search in Google Scholar
23. Ahmed, T. Hydrocarbon phase behavior. Houston, TX: Golf Publishing; 1989:424 p.Search in Google Scholar
24. Nawaf, AT, Jarullah, AT, Saba, AG, Mujtaba, IM. Development of kinetic and process models for the oxidative desulfurization of light fuel, using experiments and the parameter estimation technique. Ind Eng Chem Res 2015;54:12503–15. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.iecr.5b03289.Search in Google Scholar
25. Jarullah, AT, Mujtaba, IM, Wood, AS. Kinetic model development and simulation of simultaneous hydro denitrogenation and hydrodemetallization of crude oil in trickle bed reactor. Fuel 2011;90:2165–81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2011.01.025.Search in Google Scholar
26. Reséndiz, E, Ancheyta, J, Rosales-Quintero, A, Marroquín, G. Estimation of activation energies during hydrodesulfurization of middle distillates. Fuel 2007;86:1247–53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2006.09.023.Search in Google Scholar
27. Niken, T, AbdulRahman, M, Subhash, B. Nanocrystalline zeolite Y: synthesis and characterization. Mater Sci Eng 2011;17:1–6.10.1088/1757-899X/17/1/012030Search in Google Scholar
28. Kavan, M. Template –free synthesis and modification of LTY, ZSM-5 and LTL zeolite catalysts and investigation of catalytic pyrolysis of Saskatchewan boundary dam coal [MSc thesis]. Canada: University of Calgary; 2013.Search in Google Scholar
29. Yaheri, P, Petit, D. Lind type A zeolite and type Y faujasite as a solid phase for lead, cadmium, nickel and cobalt preconcentration and determination using a flow injection system coupled to flame atomic absorbtion spectrometry. Am J Anal Chem 2013;4:8–14. https://doi.org/10.4236/ajac.2013.48049.Search in Google Scholar
30. Gulic, H. Liquid phase hydrogenation of citral on zeolite supported monometalic (Ni,Pt) and bimetalic (Ni-Sn, Pt-Sn) catalysts [MSc thesis]. Turkey: Izmir Institute of Technology; 2005.Search in Google Scholar
31. Emre, K. An investigation of activities and selectivities of HZSM-5 and H-Ferrite zeolite modified by different method in n-butene isomerization [MSc thesis]. Turkey: Izmir Institute of Technology; 2010.Search in Google Scholar
32. Nawaf, AT, Jarullah, AT, Saba, AG, Mujtaba, IM. Improvement of fuel quality by oxidative desulfurization: design of synthetic catalyst for the process. Fuel Process Technol 2015;138:337–43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuproc.2015.05.033.Search in Google Scholar
33. Thakur, PP, Khapane, TS, Sonawane, SS. Comparative performance evaluation of fly ash-based hybrid nanofluids in microchannel-based direct absorption solar collector. J Therm Anal Calorim 2020. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-020-09884-5.Search in Google Scholar
Supplementary Material
The online version of this article offers supplementary material (https://doi.org/10.1515/cppm-2020-0097).
© 2021 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Research Articles
- Viscosity prediction of hydrocarbon binary mixture using an artificial neural network-group contribution method
- Design of an environmentally friendly fuel based on a synthetic composite nano-catalyst through parameter estimation and process modeling
- Numerical study of coupled natural convection to surface radiation in an open cavity submitted to lateral or corner heating
- A comparative study of thermodynamic models to describe the VLE of the ternary electrolytic mixture H2O–NH3–CO2
- Murphree vapor efficiency prediction in SCC columns by computational fluid dynamics analysis
- Retrofitting recycled stripping gas in a glycol dehydration regeneration unit
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Research Articles
- Viscosity prediction of hydrocarbon binary mixture using an artificial neural network-group contribution method
- Design of an environmentally friendly fuel based on a synthetic composite nano-catalyst through parameter estimation and process modeling
- Numerical study of coupled natural convection to surface radiation in an open cavity submitted to lateral or corner heating
- A comparative study of thermodynamic models to describe the VLE of the ternary electrolytic mixture H2O–NH3–CO2
- Murphree vapor efficiency prediction in SCC columns by computational fluid dynamics analysis
- Retrofitting recycled stripping gas in a glycol dehydration regeneration unit
