Mass Transfer Parameters and Modeling of Hot Air Drying Kinetics of Dill Leaves
-
Hosain Darvishi
,
Zanyar Farhudi
Abstract
Moisture diffusivity (Dem), mass transfer coefficient (hm), activation energy and drying kinetics of the dill leaves were studied and modeled as a function of temperature (40–70 °C) and moisture content (0.20–5.67 kg water/kg dry matter). Results showed that the Dem and hm significantly depend on the temperature and moisture content (p < 0.05). The average of Dem and hm varied between 4.02 × 10–9 to 9.65 × 10–9 m2/s, and 2.38 × 10–7 to 6.33 × 10–7 m/s, respectively. Activation energy showed a significant dependence on the moisture content and estimated as 16.84 kJ/mol for diffusion model and 28.70 kJ/mol for mass transfer model. Out of the six models considered, the logarithmic model showed the best fit to drying behavior of the dill leaves.
Nomenclature
- A
sample surface area (m2)
- A0, A1, A2, A3
constants of eq. (21)
- a, a0, b, n
constants of models
- B0, B1, B2, B3
constants of eq. (22)
- D0
pre-exponential factor of the Arrhenius equation (m2/s)
- Dem
moisture diffusivity (m2/s)
- Dr
drying rate (kg water/kg dry matter.min)
- Ead
activation energy for diffusion model (kJ/mol)
- Eam
activation energy for mass transfer model (kJ/mol)
- F0
Fourier number (dimensionless)
- h0
pre-exponential factor of the Arrhenius equation (m/s)
- hm
mass transfer coefficient (m/s)
- k
drying rate constant (1/s)
- k
drying rate constant (1/s)
- L
thickness of the layer (m)
- M0
initial moisture content (kg water/kg dry matter)
- Mc
critical moisture content (kg water/kg dry matter)
- Me
equilibrium moisture content (kg water/kg dry matter)
- Mt
moisture content at any time (kg water/kg dry matter)
- Mt+dt
moisture content at t+dt (kg water/kg dry matter)
- MR
moisture ratio (dimensionless)
- MRexp,iith
experimental moisture ratio
- MRpre,iith
predicted moisture ratio
- N
number of observations
- R
universal gas constant (8.314 J/mol K)
- R2
coefficient of determination
- RMSE
root mean square error
- T
temperature (°C)
- t
time (s)
- V
sample volume (m3)
- W
total uncertainty in the measurement
- x1, .. xn
uncertainties in the independent variables
- z
number of constants in the drying model
- χ2
Reduced chi-square
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