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With the future coming up behind them: Evidence that Time approaches from behind in Vietnamese

  • Karen Sullivan EMAIL logo and Linh Thuy Bui
Published/Copyright: April 7, 2016

Abstract

Vietnamese speakers can describe the future as behind them and gesture forwards to indicate the past, which suggests they use a conceptual model of Time in which the future is behind and the past is in front. This type of model has previously been shown to be pervasive only among older speakers of Aymara in the Andes (Núñez and Sweetser 2006. With the future behind them: Convergent evidence from Aymara language and gesture in the crosslinguistic comparison of spatial construals of time. Cognitive Science 30. 401–450). Whereas Time in the Aymara model does not “move”, the present data show that Time in Vietnamese can “approach” from behind the Ego and “continue forward” into the past. To our knowledge, no other language has been identified with a model where Time moves from behind Ego to in front. Recognition of this model in Vietnamese will open up new research opportunities, particularly since the model does not seem to be endangered in Vietnamese.

Abbreviations

ANT

anterior

ASP

aspect marker

AUX

auxiliary

CL

classifier

CONJ

conjunction

COP

copula

DEM

demonstrative

DEM.DIST

distal demonstrative

DEM.PROX

proximal demonstrative

EMPH

emphatic

NEG

negation marker

NEG.IMP

negative imperative

PART

particle

PASS

passive marker

PL

plural marker

PREP

preposition

PROG

progressive aspect

TOP

topic marker

1SG

first person singular pronoun

1PL

first person plural pronoun

3SG

third person singular pronoun

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Appendix 1: Mỗi tuần một chuyện episodes included in the corpus

Le Hoang (2011—2012; accessed 10/2014—11/2014), Mỗi tuần một chuyệnĐối thoại với Lê Hoàng “One topic each week – Talk with Le Hoang”.

Included episodes:

  1. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hVhiyzXVc5Y, MTMC #1_Nguyen Cuong_Tham hoa am nhac, uploaded 4-10-2011;

  2. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_I3fsmTH4x0, MTMC #2_Ton Nu Thi Ninh_Phu nu thanh dat, uploaded 5-10-2011;

  3. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0m38fuX7LAY, MTMC #3_Nguyen Quang Dung_Lay chong giau, uploaded 4-10-2011;

  4. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S6A2jlXBjqo, MTMC #4_Viet Tron_So vo, uploaded 5-10-2011;

  5. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2mynloge7AM, MTMC #10_Duc Huy_Van hoa café, uploaded 20-12-2011;

  6. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fvvkvXM5_Z0, MTMC #11_Ngo Thai Uyen_Phu nu doc than, uploaded 20-12-2011;

  7. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4qhgnietyqc, Mỗi Tuần Một Chuyện - Số 16- Ngành Sư phạm, 27-5-2013;

  8. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VxhWoNUFXSM, Mỗi Tuần Một Chuyện - Số 17 - Thu Minh-Hiện tượng Gangnam Style 20-5-2013;

  9. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BbZ7wl-4Xec, Mỗi Tuần Một Chuyện- Số 18 - Hôn Nhân Gia Đình Hiện Đại, 26-5-2013;

  10. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M4opwWB_SaI, Mỗi Tuần Một Chuyện số 20_Du lich, 28-5-2013;

  11. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=irYqy6dhjFs, Mỗi tuần một chuyện - anh Bo Đan Trường nói về thực trạng "Fan cuồng" ở Việt Nam, 21-4-2013;

  12. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QMP42b8hN5w, Mỗi Tuần Một Chuyện - Bảo tang, 27-5-2013;

  13. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y2JgNk92yY0, Mỗi Tuần Một Chuyện - số 10 - Nhãn hiệu, 27-5-2013;

  14. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VFyHEzrQMP8, Mỗi tuần một chuyện: Đối thoại với Lê Hoàng & Hà Quang Minh - Nghề giám khảo, 10-3-2012;

  15. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yr9yeHrCLgo, Mỗi tuần một chuyện - Nguyễn Công Vinh, 16-7-2012;

  16. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w0kohrWgKYQ, Mỗi tuần một chuyện - Kim Thư, 28-7-2012;

  17. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uaRRiJwRXCo, Mỗi tuần một chuyện - Phan Quốc Việt & Trác Thúy Miễu, 8-3-2013;

  18. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vgGx5YZ7b6I, Mỗi tuần một chuyện - Jose Dâu Tây 19-3-2012;

  19. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ltQKKHoHDd0, Mỗi tuần một chuyện - Vũ Ngọc Đãng, 15-5-2012;

  20. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KnngqDKm5vM, MTMC_Chi Trung.mp4, 16-4-2012;

  21. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lPt-rZWAswA, Mỗi tuần một chuyện - Diễn viên Đức Hải, 14-2-2012;

  22. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jjRfydUehHM, Mỗi tuần một chuyện - Nguyễn Lân Dũng, 26-3-2012;

  23. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_BvkuQPqTS4, Mỗi tuần một chuyện - Ngọc Hiếu, 10-9-2012;

  24. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bEACQaTCyl0, Mỗi tuần một chuyện - Phan Hồn Nhiên, 6-3-2012;

  25. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u4fe-0Yi6Y8, Mỗi tuần một chuyện - Đặng Lê Nguyên Vũ, 8-3-2013;

  26. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=johiB6O3c4k, Nguyễn Phương Mai: Tôi là một con lừa, 6-6-2013;

  27. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YfLd9ttdU4k, Mỗi tuần một chuyện - Nguyễn Tiến Sơn, 7-5-2012;

  28. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-Ji2vrXmOJI, Mỗi tuần một chuyện - Huỳnh Văn Thông, 6-8-2012;

  29. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pUJPlBGyayE, Mỗi tuần một chuyện - Nguyễn Hữu Thế Trạch, 25-6-2012;

  30. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TtXylymGrtw, Mỗi tuần một chuyện - Cát Khuê, 3-7-2012;

  31. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W1 cmefh4Rjk, Mỗi Tuần Một Chuyện - Số 19 - Nhạc Sến, 26-5-2013;

  32. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qKP3sPkO0_c, Mỗi tuần một chuyện - Xuân Lan, 18-4-2012;

  33. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zekWbf5khGE, Mỗi tuần một chuyện - Việt Tú, 24-7-2012;

  34. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aXoo850SK50, Mỗi tuần một chuyện - Thiệu Ánh Dương, 25-4-2012;

  35. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bh717zgaK5M, Mỗi tuần một chuyện - Quách Tuấn Khanh & Nguyễn Thanh Tùng 20-3-2013;

  36. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BGzHV9S49bg, Mỗi tuần một chuyện - Đàm Minh Thụy, 28-2-2012;

  37. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eNuxHAHVVkE, Mỗi tuần một chuyện - Lan Phương, 9-10-2012;

  38. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2Fh6tqG_KNM, Mỗi tuần một chuyện - Chu Minh Vũ, 24-9-2012;

  39. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Kr4yV1OFEpM, Mỗi Tuần Một Chuyện - Đại Sứ du lịch, 21-5-2013;

  40. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1eMaAfVHZxo, Mỗi tuần một chuyện - số 22-Nghị lực sống- Tuấn Khanh vs Hướng Dương 19-6-2013;

  41. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K3OuKto9db4, Mỗi tuần một chuyện - Di Li, 9-4-2012;

  42. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0i1BRzHri4c, Mỗi tuần một chuyện - Mai Lâm, 31-6-2012;

  43. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CjcmVJF1u3c, Mỗi tuần một chuyện - Hàn Liên Hải, 4-9-2012;

  44. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mSyYq1P-pSM, MTMC so 23 Bat dong san, 23-6-2013

  45. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8AuMdUOOAHU, Mỗi tuần một chuyện - Khánh Thi, 24-9-2012

  46. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MvJWnedGpBk, Mỗi tuần một chuyện- Đối thoại với Lê Hoàng-số 21 Giới tính, 18-6-2013

  47. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V8mVUPrQrr4, Mỗi tuần một chuyện: Đối thoại với Lê Hoàng - Nhà sưu tập tranh Lê Thái Sơn, 6-3-2013

  48. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W1yRAagfpkM, Mỗi tuần một chuyện Kim Oanh, 16-5-2014

  49. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HTnVHgzxkp0, Mỗi Tuần Một Chuyện - Lấy chồng ngoại, 3-7-2013

Received: 2015-6-19
Revised: 2015-12-23
Accepted: 2016-2-11
Published Online: 2016-4-7
Published in Print: 2016-5-1

©2016 by De Gruyter Mouton

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