现代汉语的主观量标记 “基本”

Abstract

As an adverb, Jiben syntactically functions typically as a verbal adverbial. Dou can enhance the degree of freedom of syntactic position of Jiben, and Jiben can be used as sentence adverbials or distance adverbials. Jiben is generally not used in imperative sentences and exclamatory sentences, both in written and spoken texts. At the same time, its quantification accuracy is relatively high, and its subjectivity is also higher due to the intervention of expected quantity. Jiben has an internal quantitative function, and its semantic is “generally”. It means that the realis quantity has generally reached the objective standard, and it shows that the realis quantity has not reached the highest objective standard, but has exceeded the speaker’s expected quantity. Therefore, the speaker subjectively believes that the realis quantity has reached the expectation, which is a subjective quantity. The semantic orientation of Jiben is the action component, the static component, the adjective component that represents the characteristics of nominals, as well as the noun component and the predicate component. The realis quantity is not “overall quantity”, but for the speaker, although the realis quantity does not meet the objective standard quantity, the language form corresponding to it should be used. However, since the actual quantity has reached or exceeded the speaker’s expected quantity, the affirmative language form Jiben is used to express the recognition of the “infinite approach” state of the realis quantity to the objective standard quantity. When the reference quantity is an objective standard quantity, the structure of Jiben indicates “the infinite approach of the realis l quantity to the reference quantity”, which is the objective quantitative function basis of Jiben. When the reference quantity is the subjective expected quantity, the structure with Jiben indicates that “the realis quantity has reached or exceeded the reference quantity”, which is the mechanism for Jiben to exert the subjective quantitative function. Jiben reflects a strong subjective feature: When quantifying other elements of a sentence, the perspective of Jiben emphasize the infinite approach of the quantity and the subjective amplification of the actual quantity. This is the speaker’s internal perspective, which emphasizes the observation and marking of the relationship between the realis quantity and the expected quantity. Emotionally, Jiben also implies the establishment of an alliance with the listener, that is, the speaker hopes to express to the listener a positive evaluation of the actual quantity, so that the listener can also identify with the actual quantity, to establish a positive alliance. The subjective positive cognition of Jiben is reflected in the positive attitude and positive evaluation of the actual quantity because it conforms to the subjective expected quantity. In addition, when Jiben expresses a high degree subjectivity, the speaker is certain that the actual quantity reaches or exceeds the expected quantity, but the actual gap between the realis quantity and the standard quantity is fuzzy or uncertain. This fuzzy space provides a semantic basis for the understanding of Jiben and its uncertainty.