Abstract
Studies were carried out to investigate the effect of zinc sulfide nanoparticles on growth and anti-oxidant markers in Brassica juncea. Growth of Brassica juncea seedlings was positively affected by zinc sulfide nanoparticle treatment, with a maximum increase of 49% in shoot dry weight, being recorded at 15 ppm concentration. Increased chlorophyll content and maximal sugar accumulation was also recorded at 15 ppm zinc sulfide nanoparticle treatment. The seedlings treated with 15 ppm and higher concentrations of zinc sulfide nanoparticles recorded increased reduced-glutathione levels as compared to the untreated seedlings. Higher growth indices of the treated seedlings were associated with improved antioxidant marker levels, recorded in terms of lower proline accumulation, and reduced hydrogen peroxide & lipid peroxidation levels. No significant change in total ascorbate content was recorded up to 15 ppm, while a 15% increase was recorded at 100 ppm zinc sulfide nanoparticle treatment. The reduced ascorbate content decreased by just 4.44% at 15 ppm zinc sulfide nanoparticle treatment, while the maximum reduced ascorbate level was recorded at 100 ppm. These observations indicate an alteration in the antioxidant status of the treated seedlings, which is responsible for improved growth profile of the seedlings treated with 15 ppm zinc sulfide nanoparticles, as compared to the seedlings treated with 100 ppm zinc sulfide nanoparticles. The results clearly indicate that zinc sulfide nanoparticles can be used to augment the growth of Brassica juncea seedlings, and this growth stimulatory effect is associated with alterations in antioxidant status of the treated seedlings.
Acknowledgements
The author (SA) is thankful to the Uttarakhand State Council for Science & Technology, Government of Uttarakhand, and (RN) to the Department of Biotechnology, Govt. of India for financial assistance.
References
Adhikary B.H., Shrestha J. & Baral B.R. 2010. Effects of micronutrients on growth and productivity of maize in acidic soil. Int. Res. J. Appl. Basic Sci. 1: 8–15.Search in Google Scholar
Alexieva V., Sergiev I., Mapelli S. & Karanov E. 2001. The effect of drought and ultraviolet radiation on growth and stress markers in pea and wheat. Plant Cell Environ. 24: 1337–1344.10.1046/j.1365-3040.2001.00778.xSearch in Google Scholar
Arora S., Sharma P., Kumar S., Nayan R., Khanna P.K. & Zaidi M.G.H. 2012. Gold-nanoparticle induced enhancement in growth and seed yield of Brassica juncea. Plant Growth Regul. 66: 303–310.10.1007/s10725-011-9649-zSearch in Google Scholar
Bates L.S., Waldren R.P. & Teare I.D. 1973. Rapid determination of free proline for water-stress studies. Plant Soil 39: 205–20710.1007/BF00018060Search in Google Scholar
Calandra P., Longo A. & Turco-Liveri V. 2003. Synthesis of ultrasmall ZnS nanoparticles by solid-solid reaction in the confined space of AOT reversed micelles. J. Phys. Chem. B. 107: 25–30.10.1021/jp021223+Search in Google Scholar
Da Costa M.V.J. & Sharma P.K. 2015. Influence of titanium dioxide nanoparticles on the photosynthetic and biochemical processes in Oryza sativa. Inter. J. Recent Scient. Res. 6: 2445–2451.Search in Google Scholar
Gao F., Hong F., Liu C., Zheng L., Su M., Wu X., Yang F., Wu C. & Yang P. 2006. Mechanism of nano-anatase TiO2 on promoting photosynthetic carbon reaction of spinach. Biol. Trace Elem. Res. 111 (1-3): 239–53.10.1385/BTER:111:1:239Search in Google Scholar
Gayou V.L., Salazar-Hernandez B., Delgado Macuil R., Zavala G., Santiago P. & Oliva A. I. 2010. Structural studies of ZnS nanoparticles by high resolution transmission electron microscopy. J. Nano. Res. 9: 125–13210.4028/www.scientific.net/JNanoR.9.125Search in Google Scholar
Gerland P., Raftery A.E., Ševčíková H., Li N., Gu D., Spoorenberg T., Alkema L., Fosdick B.K., Chunn J., Lalic N. & Bay G. 2014. World population stabilization unlikely this century. Science 346: 234–237.10.1126/science.1257469Search in Google Scholar
Heath R.L. & Packer L. 1968. Photoperoxidation in isolated chloroplasts: I. Kinetics and stoichiometry of fatty acid peroxidation. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 125: 189–198.10.1016/0003-9861(68)90654-1Search in Google Scholar
Hiscox A.D. & Israelstam G.S. 1979. A method for the extraction of chlorophyll from leaf tissue without maceration. Can. J. Bot. 57: 1332–1334.10.1139/b79-163Search in Google Scholar
Law M.Y., Charles S.A. & Halliwell B. 1983. Glutathione and ascorbic acid in spinach (Spinacia oleracea) chloroplasts. The effect of hydrogen peroxide and of Paraquat. Biochem. J. 210: 899–903.10.1042/bj2100899Search in Google Scholar
Ma C., Chhikara S., Xing B., Musante C., White J.C. & Dhankher O.P. 2013. Physiological and molecular response of Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) to nanoparticle cerium and indium oxide exposure. ACS Sustain. Chem. & Engineer. 1 (7): 768–78.Search in Google Scholar
Matysik J., Bhalu B. & Mohanty P. 2002. Molecular mechanisms of quenching of reactive oxygen species by proline under stress in plants. Current Science 82: 525–532.Search in Google Scholar
May M.J., Vernoux T., Leaver C., Van Montagu M. & Inzé D. 1998. Glutathione homeostasis in plants: implications for environmental sensing and plant development. J. Exp. Bot. 49: 649–667.10.1093/jxb/49.321.649Search in Google Scholar
Mishra V., Mishra R.K., Dikshit A. & Pandey A.C. 2014. Interactions of nanoparticles with plants: an emerging perspective in the agriculture industry, pp. 159–180. In: Ahmad P. & Rasool S. (eds), Emerging Technologies and Management of Crop Stress Tolerance: Biological Techniques, Elsevier Academic press, USA.10.1016/B978-0-12-800876-8.00008-4Search in Google Scholar
Mittler R. 2002. Oxidative stress, antioxidants and stress tolerance. Trends Plant Sci. 7: 405–10.10.1016/S1360-1385(02)02312-9Search in Google Scholar
Mittler R., Vanderauwera S., Gollery M. & Van Breusegem F. 2004. Reactive oxygen gene network of plants. Trends Plant Sci. 9: 490–498.10.1016/j.tplants.2004.08.009Search in Google Scholar
Mokrasch L.C. 1954. Analysis of hexose phosphates and sugar mixtures with the anthrone reagent. J. Biol. Chem. 208: 55–59.10.1016/S0021-9258(18)65623-6Search in Google Scholar
Moron M.S., Depierre J. W. & Mannervik B. 1979. Levels of glutathione, glutathione reductase and glutathione S-transferase activities in rat lung and liver. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 582: 67–78.10.1016/0304-4165(79)90289-7Search in Google Scholar
Rao S. & Shekhawat G.S. 2014. Toxicity of ZnO engineered nanoparticles and evaluation of their effect on growth, metabolism and tissue specific accumulation in Brassica juncea. J. Environ. Chem. Engineer. 2: 105–114.10.1016/j.jece.2013.11.029Search in Google Scholar
Rico C.M., Hong J., Morales M. I., Zhao L., Barrios A. C., Zhang J.Y., Peralta-Videa J.R. & Gardea-Torresdey J.L. 2013. Effect of cerium oxide nanoparticles on rice: a study involving the antioxidant defence system and in vivo fluorescence imaging. Environ. Sci. & Technol 47 (11): 5635–5642.10.1021/es401032mSearch in Google Scholar PubMed
Sharma P., Bhatt D., Zaidi M.G.H., Saradhi P.P., Khanna P.K. & Arora S. 2012. Silver nanoparticle-mediated enhancement in growth and antioxidant status of Brassica juncea. Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. 167 (8): 2225–2233.10.1007/s12010-012-9759-8Search in Google Scholar PubMed
Shaw A.K. & Hossain Z. 2013. Impact of nano-CuO stress on rice (Oryza sativa L.) seedlings. Chemosphere 93: 906–915.10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.05.044Search in Google Scholar PubMed
Tang S.Y. & Cao Y.P. 2003. Effects of spraying different forms of silicon (Si) on growth as stress resistance of rice plants. Sci. Fertil. 2: 16–22.Search in Google Scholar
Thimmaiah S.K. 2009. Standard Methods of Biochemical Analysis. Kalyani publishers, New Delhi, pp. 51–53.Search in Google Scholar
Vitti A., Nuzzaci M., Scopa A., Tataranni G., Tamburrino I. & Sofo A. 2014. Hormonal response and root architecture in Arabidopsis thaliana subjected to heavy metals. Inter. J. Plant Biol. 5: 5226–5232.10.4081/pb.2014.5226Search in Google Scholar
Xiang C., Werner B.L., E’Lise M.C. & Oliver D.J. 2001. The biological functions of glutathione revisited in Arabidopsis transgenic plants with altered glutathione levels. Plant Physiol. 126: 564–574.10.1104/pp.126.2.564Search in Google Scholar
Yang F., Hong F., You W., Liu C., Gao F., Wu C. & Yang P. 2006. Influence of nano-anatase TiO2 on the nitrogen metabolism of growing spinach. Biol. Trace Element Res. 110: 179–190.10.1385/BTER:110:2:179Search in Google Scholar
Zheng L., Hong F., Lu S. & Liu C. 2005. Effect of nano-TiO2 on strength of naturally aged seeds and growth of spinach. Biol. Trace Element Res. 104: 83–91.10.1385/BTER:104:1:083Search in Google Scholar
©2016 Institute of Botany, Slovak Academy of Sciences
Articles in the same Issue
- Cellular and Molecular Biology
- Mitochondrial clock: moderating evolution of early eukaryotes in light of the Proterozoic oceans
- Cellular and Molecular Biology
- Induced sterility in fish and its potential and challenges for aquaculture and germ cell transplantation technology: a review
- Botany
- Human impact on sandy beach vegetation along the southeastern Adriatic coast
- Botany
- Temporal dynamics in the genetic structure of a natural population of Picea abies
- Botany
- Ecotypic adaptations in Bermuda grass (Cynodon dactylon) for altitudinal stress tolerance
- Botany
- Zinc sulfide nanoparticle mediated alterations in growth and anti-oxidant status of Brassica juncea
- Zoology
- Climatic conditions driving a part of changes in the biochemical composition in land snails: Insights from the endangered Codringtonia(Gastropoda: Pulmonata)
- Zoology
- New and little known ptyctimous mites (Acari: Oribatida) with a key to known species of Oribotritia from the Australasian Region
- Zoology
- Using radio telemetry to track ground beetles: Movement of Carabus ullrichii
- Zoology
- Trophic relations between adult water beetles from the Dytiscidae family and non-biting midges (Diptera: Chironomidae)
- Zoology
- Role of the invasive Chinese sleeper Perccottus glenii (Actinopterygii: Odontobutidae) in the distribution of fish parasites in Europe: New data and a review
- Zoology
- Translocations of tropical and subtropical marine fish species into the Mediterranean. A case study based on Siganus virgatus (Teleostei: Siganidae)
- Zoology
- Distribution, habitats and abundance of the herb field mouse (Apodemus uralensis) in Lithuania
Articles in the same Issue
- Cellular and Molecular Biology
- Mitochondrial clock: moderating evolution of early eukaryotes in light of the Proterozoic oceans
- Cellular and Molecular Biology
- Induced sterility in fish and its potential and challenges for aquaculture and germ cell transplantation technology: a review
- Botany
- Human impact on sandy beach vegetation along the southeastern Adriatic coast
- Botany
- Temporal dynamics in the genetic structure of a natural population of Picea abies
- Botany
- Ecotypic adaptations in Bermuda grass (Cynodon dactylon) for altitudinal stress tolerance
- Botany
- Zinc sulfide nanoparticle mediated alterations in growth and anti-oxidant status of Brassica juncea
- Zoology
- Climatic conditions driving a part of changes in the biochemical composition in land snails: Insights from the endangered Codringtonia(Gastropoda: Pulmonata)
- Zoology
- New and little known ptyctimous mites (Acari: Oribatida) with a key to known species of Oribotritia from the Australasian Region
- Zoology
- Using radio telemetry to track ground beetles: Movement of Carabus ullrichii
- Zoology
- Trophic relations between adult water beetles from the Dytiscidae family and non-biting midges (Diptera: Chironomidae)
- Zoology
- Role of the invasive Chinese sleeper Perccottus glenii (Actinopterygii: Odontobutidae) in the distribution of fish parasites in Europe: New data and a review
- Zoology
- Translocations of tropical and subtropical marine fish species into the Mediterranean. A case study based on Siganus virgatus (Teleostei: Siganidae)
- Zoology
- Distribution, habitats and abundance of the herb field mouse (Apodemus uralensis) in Lithuania