Abstract
Microemulsions (MEs), isotropic mixture of water, oil, surfactant and most frequently cosurfactant, have gained great interest in the pharmaceutical industries and food technology due to their great potential to act as antimicrobials as well as nanocarriers for antibiotics. In this study, the antibacterial activities of a ME, composed of 23.5% Cremophor EL, 12.5% transcutol, 30% ethyl decanoate and 34% distilled water, against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and its potential as a nanocarrier for cephalosporine (CEPH/ME) were assessed. The morphological structures of the ME and CEPH/ME, revealed by transmission electron microscopy, were spherical and their droplet diameters were 15.55 ± 3.17 nm and 10.56 ± 2.32 nm, respectively. ME was found to have great antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus. According to the mechanism of action study of ME, free cephalosporine (CEPH) and CEPH/ME against S. aureus, the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were 2 mL/10 mL of nutrient broth for ME and 1 mL/10 mL of nutrient broth for both of CEPH and CEPH/ME. The ME, CEPH and CEPH/ME have affected the S. aureus through changing cell morphology, cell wall composition (sugar, protein and phosphorus), potassium leakage and cellular respiration. They enhanced the cellular permeability, decreased the hydrophobicity and viability of the bacterial cells. This study suggests that ME formula has a good potential as an antibacterial agent and as a nanocarrier for CEPH.
Acknowledgements
The authors wish to express sincere appreciation to King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology for its financial support for the research project (P-S-12-0082) and King Abdulaziz University Hospital for providing cell cultures.
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- Abbreviations
- CEPH
cephalosporine
- CEPH/ME
cephalosporine-loaded microemulsion
- CFU
colony-forming unit
- CVs
coefficient of variations
- FDA
fluorescein diacetate
- ME
microemulsion
- MIC
minimum inhibitory concentration
- NA
nutrient agar
- NB
nutrient broth
- NE
nanoemulsion
- SD
standard deviation
- TEM
transmission electron microscopy
©2016 Institute of Molecular Biology, Slovak Academy of Sciences
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- Zoology
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- Cellular and Molecular Biology
- Production of poly-3-hydroxybutyrate from mixed culture
- Cellular and Molecular Biology
- Molecular and immunological characterization of Lp1, the 34 kDa outer membrane lipoprotein of Pseudomonas aeruginosa
- Cellular and Molecular Biology
- Antibacterial activity of a microemulsion loaded with cephalosporin
- Cellular and Molecular Biology
- Isolation and characterization of Vibrio alginolyticus from cultured amphioxus Branchiostoma belcheri tsingtauense
- Cellular and Molecular Biology
- Somatic embryogenesis in Phlox paniculata – histological analysis
- Botany
- Overexpression of the novel Zygophyllum xanthoxylum C2H2-type zinc finger gene ZxZF improves drought tolerance in transgenic Arabidopsis and poplar
- Botany
- Vegetation diversity of the two Dinaric karstic rivers in Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Botany
- Diversity and spatial patterns of plant communities in volcanic temporary ponds of Sicily (Italy)
- Zoology
- Erythraeus (Erythraeus) pistacicus sp. n. (Trombidiformes: Erythraeidae) from southern Iran, and notes on other Erythraeus spp.
- Zoology
- Studies on eucrenal-hypocrenal zonation of springs along the river mainstream: A case study of a karst canyon in Bosnia and Herzegovina
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- Different catching series from light and pheromone trapping of Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
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