Extracting the symmetry of the human face from digital photographs
-
Francisco-J. Renero-C
,
Reimer-A. Romero-H
Abstract
By defining a midline and selecting six pairs of the landmarks of the human face on digital photographs, we extracted the symmetry of the human face by means of digital techniques. As a first approach to the symmetry of the human face, the distances and the tilts from the midline, between similar landmarks, were computed and averaged, respectively. The procrustes analysis and the histogram of oriented gradients (HOG), applied on patches on the six pairs of the landmarks of the human face, were used as a second approach to the symmetry of the human face. To have a better estimation of the symmetry of the whole human face, the photographs in grayscale and color were cut on pairs of strips, equally spaced from the midline, and then the strips were compared by the HOG feature extractor. The symmetry of the human face was extracted from 89 photographs of human faces (37 females and 52 males, ages 28.67±6.65 and 35.65±12.2 years, respectively). The HOG feature extractor applied on strips for the photographs in color and grayscale provided more confident values for the symmetry of the human face, which was well correlated with the assigned value by the photographers and physiotherapists. Also, an experiment was performed to evaluate the attractiveness as a function of the human face symmetry; thus, two groups of men and women were asked to sort digital photographs of women and men according to the attractiveness of women/men on the photographs. The results show that the most selected digital photographs were those with the highest symmetry scores.
Acknowledgments
Reimer Romero is grateful to Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología, México, for the scholarship support under number 427082/262348.
Author contributions: All the authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this submitted manuscript and approved submission.
Research funding: None declared.
Employment or leadership: None declared.
Honorarium: None declared.
Competing interests: The funding organization(s) played no role in the study design; in the collection, analysis, and interpretation of data; in the writing of the report; or in the decision to submit the report for publication.
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©2017 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston
Artikel in diesem Heft
- Frontmatter
- Research Articles
- In silico study of the structure and function of Streptococcus mutans plasmidic proteins
- The variability of protein structure with respect to the hydrophobic core
- Congo red fluorescence upon binding to macromolecules – a possible explanation for the enhanced intensity
- Genetic traces of never born proteins
- Distributed storage and recall of sentences
- Extracting the symmetry of the human face from digital photographs
- Repository of 3D images for education and everyday clinical practice purposes
Artikel in diesem Heft
- Frontmatter
- Research Articles
- In silico study of the structure and function of Streptococcus mutans plasmidic proteins
- The variability of protein structure with respect to the hydrophobic core
- Congo red fluorescence upon binding to macromolecules – a possible explanation for the enhanced intensity
- Genetic traces of never born proteins
- Distributed storage and recall of sentences
- Extracting the symmetry of the human face from digital photographs
- Repository of 3D images for education and everyday clinical practice purposes
