An open-source research platform for mechanical ventilation based on Simulink® and STM32 nucleo
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Felix Röhren
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Philip von Platen
Abstract
Gain in knowledge in experimental fields of research is mostly achieved using commercial hardware platforms. The linked costs however can limit a broad access by scientists and in the specific case of mechanical ventilation the pandemic demonstrated that further and collective research is essential and necessary. This contribution presents the modular design and implementation of a research platform which is based on STM32 Nucleo boards and Simulink®. The hardware required such as the pneumatic circuit are covered as well as the software architecture in which clinician related settings are processed for control references. The core functionality of mandatory volume controlled (VCV) and pressure controlled ventilation (PCV) while ensuring a positive end-expiratory pressure for the patient
Zusammenfassung
Der Erkenntnisgewinn in experimentellen Forschungsbereichen wird meist durch die Verwendung kommerzieller Hardwareplattformen erzielt. Die damit verbundenen Kosten können jedoch den breiten Zugang von Wissenschaftlerinnen und Wissenschaftlern einschränken. Im speziellen Fall der mechanischen Beatmung hat die Pandemie gezeigt, dass weitere und kollektive Forschung wesentlich und notwendig ist. In diesem Beitrag wird der modulare Aufbau und die Implementierung einer Forschungsplattform vorgestellt, die auf STM32 Nucleo Boards und Simulink® basiert. Dabei werden sowohl die konstruktiven Anforderungen, als auch die Softwarearchitektur vorgestellt, in der Klinik-bezogene Einstellungen zu Führungsgrößen für die Regelung verarbeitet werden. Die Kernfunktionalität der mandatorischen volumenkontrollierten (VCV) und druckkontrollierten Beatmung (PCV) bei gleichzeitiger Gewährleistung eines positiven endexpiratorischen Drucks für den Patienten
About the authors
Felix Röhren received his M.Sc. degree in Electrical Engineering, Information Technology and Computer Engineering from RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany. He is currently working as a Research Associate at the Chair for Medical Information Technology, RWTH Aachen University, whilst pursuing the Dr.-Ing. degree. His main research interests is resource efficient ventilation.
Philip von Platen received his M.Sc. degree in Electrical Engineering, Information Technology and Computer Engineering from RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany. He is currently working as a Research Associate at the Chair for Medical Information Technology, RWTH Aachen University, whilst pursuing the Dr.-Ing. degree. His main research interests are in the field of automation of protective artificial ventilation.
Robin Brütt received his bachelor’s degrees in mechanical engineering from the University of Applied Science and Art in Hannover, Germany and the University of South Wales in Pontypridd, Wales, in 2020. In 2022 he received a master’s degree in biomedical engineering from the TH Lübeck and University of Lübeck. Since 2023 he has been working as a research associate at the Fraunhofer IMTE in Lübeck. His major research interests are automated functions in therapeutic medical devices and their preclinical testing.
Steffen Leonhardt received the M.S. degree in computer engineering from the University at Buffalo, NY, USA, the Dipl.-Ing and Dr.-Ing in electrical engineering from the Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany, the M.D. degree in medicine from J.W. Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany, and the Dr.h.c. (Honorary) degree from Czech Technical University in Prague, Czech Republic. In 2003, he was appointed Full Professor and director of the Chair for Medical Information Technology at RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
Marian Walter received the Dipl.-Ing. and Dr.-Ing. degrees in electrical engineering with a specialization in control engineering from the Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany, in 1995 and 2002. He worked for three years in RD at Draeger Medical, Lübeck developing Anaesthesia machines. He was appointed Senior Scientist and deputy head with the Philips Chair of Medical Information Technology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany, in 2004. His research interests include noncontact monitoring techniques, signal processing, and feedback control in medicine.
Acknowledgment
Special thanks to: Institute for Automotive Engineering (IKA, RWTH), Chair of Computer Science 11 (i11, RWTH), Institute for Plastics Processing in Industry and Craft (IKV, RWTH), Chair of Medical Engineering (MediTEC, RWTH), Anton Vesenmaier (Mathworks), Institute for Electrical Engineering in Medicine (IME, University of Lübeck).
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Research ethics: Not applicable.
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Author contributions: The authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this manuscript and approved its submission.
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Competing interests: The authors state no conflict of interest.
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Research funding: None declared.
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Data availability: Not applicable.
References
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Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Editorial
- Special issue AUTOMED
- Survey
- Reviewing the potential of hearables for the assessment of bruxism
- Applications
- Model predictive control of blood glucose in critically ill patients using Gaussian processes
- Muscle fatigue detection based on sEMG signal using autocorrelation function and neural networks
- A switching lung mechanics model for detection of expiratory flow limitation
- Physiological hardware-in-the-loop test bench for mechanical ventilation
- Gaussian process-based nonlinearity compensation for pneumatic soft actuators
- Design, development, and optimization of the Somnomat Casa: a rocking bed for sleep studies and nocturnal interventions in home settings
- Tools
- Classroom-ready open-source educational exoskeleton for biomedical and control engineering
- An open-source research platform for mechanical ventilation based on Simulink® and STM32 nucleo
- Designing the user interface of a ventilator under the constraints of a pandemic
