Home General Interest ʿIlm al-kalām in Mauretanien anhand maurischer Kommentare zur Iḍāʾat ad-duǧunnafī iʿtiqād ahl as-sunna von al-Maqqarī (st. 1041/1632)
Article
Licensed
Unlicensed Requires Authentication

ʿIlm al-kalām in Mauretanien anhand maurischer Kommentare zur Iḍāʾat ad-duǧunnafī iʿtiqād ahl as-sunna von al-Maqqarī (st. 1041/1632)

  • Gunhild Graf EMAIL logo
Published/Copyright: June 13, 2018
Become an author with De Gruyter Brill

Abstract

The present article intends to contribute to the research on the kalām (“theology”) in Mauritania. So far, this particular Islamic science has received little attention of Islamic studies outside Mauritania. Around a dozen Mauritanian and non-Mauritanian commentaries on the highly popular didactic poem Iḍāʾat ad-duǧunna of al-Maqqarī – until today part of the education curriculum in the cultural area of the Western Sahara – provide the basis of the present paper which is divided in two parts: Part one presents some characteristic features of Mauritanian literature and the status of ʿilm al-kalām in Mauritania. Part two deals with the Iḍāʾa and its (Mauritanian) commentaries. Some selected key verses of the Iḍāʾa and their interpretation by various commentators are discussed here. Particular attention is paid to autobiographical notes and the elaboration on some special terms (for example tauḥīd, ʿilm, auwal wāǧib). Further topics addressed include the dialogue between al-Ǧubbāʾī and al-Ašʿarī and the report on Ibn Barraǧān’s prediction of the conquest of Jerusalem from the crusaders by the Muslims in the year 583 H. Since many Mauritanian manuscripts about kalām have not been edited to the present day, even an approximate overview on the Mauritanian kalām literature is still out of sight. However, the investigation of the Mauritanian ʿilm al-kalām as a subbranch of studies on later kalām since the seventeenth century promises to provide highly relevant and intriguing insights.

Acknowledgements

Danksagung: Prof. Dr. Ulrich Rebstock (Universität Freiburg) und Prof. Dr. Ulrich Rudolph (Universität Zürich) danke ich für die Durchsicht des Textes und zahlreiche Korrekturvorschläge.

Bibliographie

ManuskripteSearch in Google Scholar

ʿAbdallāh b. Aḥmad b. al-Ḥāǧǧ Ḥimāllāh b. al-Aʿmaš al-ʿAlawī: Šarḥ Iḍāʾat ad-duǧunna. http://omar.ub.uni-freiburg.de/ MFMAU 2201.Search in Google Scholar

ʿAbdallāh b. al-Ḥāǧǧ Ḥimāllāh al-Ġallāwī: Šarḥ Iḍāʾat ad-duǧunna (Kitāb Taqrīr al-munna). http://omar.ub.uni-freiburg.de/ MFMAU 1757.Search in Google Scholar

ʿAbd al-Qādir b. Muḥammad b. Muḥammad Sālim: Kitāb Tauḍīḥ ṭarīq ahl as-sunna ʿalā Iḍāʾat ad-duǧunna. http://omar.ub.uni-freiburg.de/ MFMAU 1419.Search in Google Scholar

ʿAbd ar-Raḥmān b. ʿAbdallāh b. Ḥāmidun b. Muḥammad b. Balāl: Šarḥ ʿalā Iḍāʾat ad-duǧunna. http://omar.ub.uni-freiburg.de/ MFMAU 499.Search in Google Scholar

Abū ʿAbdallāh aš-Šinqīṭī: Šarḥ Iḍāʾat ad-duǧunna min ʿaqāʾid ahl as-sunna. http://omar.ub.uni-freiburg.de/ MFMAU 227.Search in Google Scholar

Aḥmad b. Ḥimāllāh al-Ġallāwī: Tanwīr al-aǧinna li-šarḥ Iḍāʾat ad-duǧunna. http://omar.ub.uni-freiburg.de/ MFMAU 653.Search in Google Scholar

Al-Ḥāǧǧ ʿAbdallāh b. Muḥammad b. Aḥmad b. ʿĪsā al-Bāḥasanī: Šarḥ ʿalā Iḍāʾat ad-duǧunna. http://omar.ub.uni-freiburg.de/ MFMAU 804.Search in Google Scholar

Muḥammad b. al-Muḫtār b. al-Aʿmaš al-ʿAlawī aš-Šinqīṭī: Futūḥāt ḏī r-raḥma wa l-munna fī šarḥ Iḍāʾat ad-duǧunna fī ʿaqīdat ahl as-sunna [li l-Maqqarī]. http://omar.ub.uni-freiburg.de/ MFMAU 1777.Search in Google Scholar

Al-Muḫtār b. Sālim ad-Daimānī: Šarḥ li-Iḍāʾat ad-duǧunna. http://omar.ub.uni-freiburg.de/ MFMAU 664.Search in Google Scholar

ʿUṯmān b. aṭ-Ṭālib al-Amīn al-Fāʾidī al-Walātī: ʿAun ḏī r-raḥma wa l-munna ʿalā taqrīr Iḍāʾat ad-duǧunna. http://omar.ub.uni-freiburg.de/ MFMAU 1741.Search in Google Scholar

Anonymer Verfasser: Šarḥ Iḍāʾat ad-duǧunna. http://omar.ub.uni-freiburg.de/ MFMAU 2358.Search in Google Scholar

Gedruckte WerkeSearch in Google Scholar

Akkach, Samer (2012): Intimate Invocations: al-Ghazzī’s Biography of ʿAbd al-Ghanī al-Nābulusī (1641–1731). [Arabischer Titel]: al-Wird al-unsī wa l-wārid al-qudsī fī tarǧamat al-ʿārif ʿAbd al-Ġanī an-Nābulusī. Leiden: Brill.10.1163/9789004216716Search in Google Scholar

Akkach, Samer: „ʿAbd al-Ghanī al-Nābulusī“, EI (3). Online-Zugriff am 14.10.2015 (Hauptbibliothek der Universität Basel).Search in Google Scholar

ALA V, siehe Stewart, Charles.Search in Google Scholar

Al-Amīr al-Kabīr, Muḥammad b. Muḥammad (1373/1953): Ḥāšiyat al-Amīr ʿalā Šarḥ ʿAbd as-Salām ʿalā l-Ǧauhara fī ʿilm al-kalām. al-Qāhira.Search in Google Scholar

Al-Bāǧūrī, siehe al-Laqānī.Search in Google Scholar

Bakker, Jens (2012): Normative Grundstrukturen der Theologie des sunnitischen Islam im 12./18. Jahrhundert. Bonner Islamstudien. Bd. 23. Hrsg. von Stephan Conermann. Berlin: EB Verlag.Search in Google Scholar

Al-Barrāʾ, Yaḥyā wuld (2009): al-Maǧmūʿa al-kubrā aš-šāmila li-fatāwā wa-nawāzil wa-aḥkām ahl ġarb wa-ǧanūb ġarb aṣ-ṣaḥrāʾ. 12 Bde. Nouakchott: as-Sīd Mulāy al-Ḥasan b. al-Muḫtār b. al-Ḥasan.Search in Google Scholar

Bellver, Jose (2014): „Ibn Barraǧān and Ibn ʿArabī on the Prediction of the Capture of Jerusalem in 583/1187 by Saladin“, Arabica 61: 252–286.10.1163/15700585-12341294Search in Google Scholar

Bencheneb, H. (1997): „al-Sanūsī“. EI (2) IX: 20–22.Search in Google Scholar

Ben Cheneb, M. (1971): „Ibn al-Djazarī“. EI (2) III: 753.Search in Google Scholar

Bencheneb, M. (1993): „Muzdawidj“. EI (2) VII: 825–826.Search in Google Scholar

Boer, Tj. de (1960): „ʿAmal“. EI (2) I: 427.Search in Google Scholar

Boer, Tj. de / Daiber, Hans (1993): „Naẓar“. EI (2) VII: 1050–1052.Search in Google Scholar

Boubrik, Rahal (1999): Saints et société en Islam. Paris: CNRS éditions.10.4000/books.editionscnrs.4028Search in Google Scholar

Brockelmann, Carl (1943–1949): Geschichte der arabischen Litteratur. 2. Auflage (GAL I–II), Supplementbände I–III 1937–1942 (GAL S I–III). Leiden: Brill.Search in Google Scholar

Brockelmann, Carl / Gardet, Louis (1965): „al-D̲j̲uwaynī“. EI (2) II: 605–606.Search in Google Scholar

Brodersen, Angelika (2008): „Abū Isḥāq al-Isfarāyīnī“. EI (3) 2: 19–21.Search in Google Scholar

al-Burtulī al-Walātī, siehe Muḥammad b. Abī Bakr aṣ-Ṣiddīq al-Burtulī al-Walātī.Search in Google Scholar

Casewit, Yousef (s.a.): “Beyond Maraboutism & Neo-Sufism in West Africa: Mauritanian Scholarship in light of its Sixteenth to Nineteenth-Century Curricular Creeds”: 1–20 [unpubl., am 15.11.2013 vom Verfasser per E-Mail erhalten].Search in Google Scholar

Colin, Georges S. (1971): „Ḥisāb al-D̲j̲ummal“. EI (2) III: 468.Search in Google Scholar

Cuno, Kenneth M. / Spevack, Aaron (2009): „al-Bājūrī, Ibrāhīm b. Muḥammad“. EI (3) 2: 130–132.Search in Google Scholar

Daddūd wuld ʿAbdallāh (1992–1993): al-Ḥaraka al-fikrīya fī bilād Šanqît ḫilāla l-qarnain al-ḥādiya ʿašara wa ṯ-ṯāniya ʿašara (17–18) m. [le mouvement intellectuel au bilâd Shanqît aux XIe et XIIe siècles de l’Hégire (XVIIe–XVIIIe siècles)]. DES, Université Mohamed-V. Rabat (unveröffentlichtes Manuskript).Search in Google Scholar

Ad-Dāh aš-Šinqīṭī, siehe aš-Šaiḫ Muḥammad b. Aḥmad.Search in Google Scholar

EI (2), siehe Encyclopaedia of Islam (1960–2004).Search in Google Scholar

EI (3), siehe Encyclopaedia of Islam three.Search in Google Scholar

El-Rouayheb, Khaled (2015): Islamic Intellectual History in the Seventeenth Century. Scholarly Currents in the Ottoman Empire and the Maghreb. Cambridge, New York: Cambridge University Press.10.1017/CBO9781107337657Search in Google Scholar

Encyclopaedia of Islam (1960–2004): Second Edition. Ed. by C.E. Bosworth et al. Bde I-XII. Leiden: Brill.Search in Google Scholar

Encyclopaedia of Islam three (2007): [Third Edition]. Ed. by Marc Gaborieau et al. Leiden: Brill.Search in Google Scholar

Endress, Gerhard (1987): „Die wissenschaftliche Literatur“. Grundriss der arabischen Philologie. Bd. II: Literaturwissenschaft. Hrsg. von Helmut Gätje. Wiesbaden: Reichert.Search in Google Scholar

van Ess, Josef (1966): Die Erkenntnislehre des ʿAḍudaddīn al-Īcī. Übersetzung und Kommentar des ersten Buches seiner Mawāqif. Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner Verlag.Search in Google Scholar

van Ess, Josef (1971): „al-Īd̲j̲ī“. EI (2) III: 1022.Search in Google Scholar

van Ess, Josef (1991–1997): Theologie und Gesellschaft im 2. und 3. Jahrhundert Hidschra: eine Geschichte des religiösen Denkens im frühen Islam. 6 Bde. Berlin, New York: Walter de Gruyter.10.1515/9783110856071Search in Google Scholar

van Ess, Josef (2011): Der Eine und das Andere. Beobachtungen an islamischen häresiographischen Texten. Hrsg. von Lawrence I. Conrad. 2 Bde. Berlin, New York: De Gruyter.10.1515/9783110215786Search in Google Scholar

Faure, A. (1971): „Ibn Barrad̲j̲ān“. EI (2) III: 732.10.5694/j.1326-5377.1971.tb92514.xSearch in Google Scholar

Fierro, Maribel / Molina, Luis (2009): „al-Maqqarī (1578 or 1579–1632)“. In: Essays in Arabic Literary Biography 1350–1850. Teil II. Ed. Joseph E. Lowry and Devin J. Stewart. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, 273–283.Search in Google Scholar

Fleisch, Henri (1965): „al-Fīrūzābādī“. EI (2) II: 926.Search in Google Scholar

Frede, Britta (2014): Die Erneuerung der Tiǧānīya in Mauretanien: Popularisierung religiöser Ideen in der Kolonialzeit. Berlin: Klaus Schwarz.10.1515/9783112402801Search in Google Scholar

GAL (Geschichte der arabischen Litteratur), siehe Brockelmann, Carl.Search in Google Scholar

Al-Ǧanḥānī, al-Ḥabīb (1374/1955): al-Maqqarī ṣāḥib Nafḥ aṭ-ṭīb: Dirāsa taḥlīlīya. Tunis: Dār al-Kutub aš-Šarqīya.Search in Google Scholar

Gardet, Louis / Anawati, M.-M. (1948): Introduction à la théologie musulmane. Essai de théologie comparée. Paris: Librairie Philosophique J. Vrin.Search in Google Scholar

Gardet, Louis (1965): „al-D̲j̲ubbāʾī“. EI (2) II: 569–570.Search in Google Scholar

Gilliot, Claude (2007): „Attributes of God“. EI (3) 2: 176–182.Search in Google Scholar

Gimaret, Daniel (1990): La doctrine d’al-Ashʿarī. Paris: Les Ed. du Cerf.Search in Google Scholar

Gimaret, Daniel (2000): „Uṣūl al-Dīn“. EI (2) X: 930–931.Search in Google Scholar

Götz, Manfred (1968): „Zum historischen Hintergrund von Sure 30, 1–5“. In: Festschrift Werner Caskel. Hrsg. von Erwin Gräf. Leiden: Brill, 111–120.10.1163/9789004662704_010Search in Google Scholar

Goldziher, Ignaz (1914): „Ibn Barraǧān. ZDMG 69: 544–546.Search in Google Scholar

Gramlich, Richard (1998): Der eine Gott. Grundzüge der Mystik des islamischen Monotheismus. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag.Search in Google Scholar

Gwynne, Rosalind (1985): „al-Jubbāʾī, al-Ashʿarī and the Three Brothers: The Uses of Fiction“. The Muslim World. LXXV: 132–161.10.1111/j.1478-1913.1985.tb02760.xSearch in Google Scholar

Hadj-Sadok, M. (2004): „Ibn Zakrī“. EI (2) XII (Suppl.): 402–404.Search in Google Scholar

Hall, Bruce S. / Stewart, Charles C. (2011): „The Historic ‚Core Curriculum’ and the Book Market in Islamic West Africa“. In: The Trans-Saharan Book Trade. Manuscript Culture, Arabic Literacy and Intellectual History in Muslim Africa. Ed. by Graziano Krätli, Ghislaine Lydon. Leiden, Boston: Brill, 109–174.10.1163/ej.9789004187429.i-424.30Search in Google Scholar

Heinrichs, W. (1995): „Rad̲j̲az“. EI (2) VIII: 378–379.Search in Google Scholar

Hilmy, Ahmad (1960): „Abū S̲h̲āma“. EI (2) I: 150.Search in Google Scholar

Honerkamp, Kenneth L. (2009): „al-Yūsī (ca. 1631–1691)“. In: Essays in Arabic Literary Biography 1350–1850. Teil II. Ed. Joseph E. Lowry and Devin J. Stewart. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, 410–419.Search in Google Scholar

Ibn Barraǧān (1434/2013): Tafsīr Ibn Barraǧān. Ed. von aš-Šaiḫ Aḥmad Farīd al-Mazīdī. 5 Bde. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmīya.Search in Google Scholar

Ibn Barraǧān (2016): A Qurʾān Commentary by Ibn Barrajān of Seville d. 536/1141. Ῑḍāḥ al-ḥikma bi-aḥkām al-ʿibra. Wisdom Deciphered, the Unseen Discovered. Ed. by Gerhard Böwering, Yousef Casewit. Leiden, Boston: Brill.Search in Google Scholar

Ibn Fūrak, Abū Bakr (1987): Muǧarrad maqālāt aš-Šaiḫ Abī l-Ḥasan al-Ašʿarī. Ed. von Daniel Gimaret. Beirut: Dār al-Mašriq.Search in Google Scholar

Idris, H.R. (1971): „Ibn Abī Zayd al-Ḳayrawānī“. EI (2) III: 695.Search in Google Scholar

ʿIllaiš, siehe ʿUllaiš.Search in Google Scholar

Imām al-Ḥaramain al-Ǧuwainī (1969): aš-Šāmil fī uṣūl ad-dīn. Ed. von Dr. ʿAlī Sāmī an-Naššār et al. Al-Iskandarīya: Munšaʾat al-Maʿārif.Search in Google Scholar

Jong, Frederick de (2004): „ʿIllays̲h̲“. EI (2) XII (Suppl.): 411.Search in Google Scholar

Kenny, Joseph P., O.P. (1970): Muslim Theology as presented by M. b. Yūsuf as-Sanūsī especially in his al-ʿAqīda al-Wusṭā. Edinburgh. https://www.era.lib.ed.ac.uk/handle/1842/7322 (PDF-Datei).Search in Google Scholar

Khalidi, W.A.S. (1960): „ʿAbd al-G̲h̲anī al-Nābulusī“. EI (2) I: 60.Search in Google Scholar

Kilito, Abdelfattah (2002): „al-Yūsī“. EI (2) XI: 351–352.Search in Google Scholar

Krätli, Graziano (2011): „Camel to Kilobytes: Preserving the Cultural Heritage of the Trans-Saharan Book Trade“. In: The Trans-Saharan Book Trade. Manuscript Culture, Arabic Literacy and Intellectual History in Muslim Africa. Ed. by Graziano Krätli, Ghislaine Lydon. Leiden, Boston: Brill, 310–358.10.1163/ej.9789004187429.i-424Search in Google Scholar

Krätli, Graziano / Lydon, Ghislaine (Ed.) (2011): The Trans-Saharan Book Trade. Manuscript Culture, Arabic Literacy and Intellectual History in Muslim Africa. Leiden, Boston: Brill.10.1163/ej.9789004187429.i-424Search in Google Scholar

Küҫük, Hülya (2013a): „Light upon Light in Andalusī Sufism: Abū l-Ḥakam Ibn Barrajān (d. 536/1141) and Muḥyī l-Dīn Ibn al-ʿArabī (d. 638/1240) as Developer of His Hermeneutics. Part 1: Ibn Barrajān’s Life and Works“. ZDMG 163 (Heft 1): 87–116.Search in Google Scholar

Küҫük, Hülya (2013b): „Light upon Light in Andalusī Sufism: Abū l-Ḥakam Ibn Barrajān (d. 536/1141) and Muḥyī l-Dīn Ibn al-ʿArabī (d. 638/1240) as Developer of His Hermeneutics. Part 2: Ibn Barrajān’s Views and Legacy“. ZDMG 163 (Heft 2): 383–409.Search in Google Scholar

Kunitzsch, Paul (2005): „Zur Geschichte der ‚arabischen’ Ziffern“. In: Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Philosophisch-Historische Klasse. Sitzungsberichte Jahrgang 2005, Heft 3. München: Verlag der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Komm. C.H. Beck, 1–39.Search in Google Scholar

Kunitzsch, Paul (2013): „Ptolemäus und die Astronomie: Der ‚Almagest‘“. http://badw.de/fileadmin/pub/akademieAktuell/2013/46/0313_07_kunitzsch.pdf, S. 18–23.Search in Google Scholar

Al-Laqānī, Ibrāhīm [196–?]: Ǧauharat at-tauḥīd maʿa ḥāšiyatihā Tuḥfat al-murīd. Taʾlīf aš-Šaiḫ Ibrāhīm b. Muḥammad al-Baǧūrī. Al-Qāhira: Dār al-Kutub al-Ḥadīṯa.Search in Google Scholar

Lévi-Provençal, Évariste / Pellat, Charles (1991): „al-Maḳḳarī“. EI (2) VI: 187–188.Search in Google Scholar

Lydon, Ghislaine (2004): „Inkwells of the Sahara: Reflections on the Production of Islamic Knowledge in Bilād Shinqīṭ“. In: The Transmission of Learning in Islamic Africa. Ed. by Scott S. Reese. Leiden, Boston: Brill, 39–71.10.1163/9789047413349_008Search in Google Scholar

Maiyāra, siehe Muḥammad b. Aḥmad b. Muḥammad al-Mālikī Maiyāra.Search in Google Scholar

Al-Maqqarī (1855–1861): Analectes sur l’histoire et la littérature des Arabes d’Espagne par al-Makkari. Publié par R. Dozy et al. 2 tomes. Leyde: Brill.10.1163/9789004600300Search in Google Scholar

Al-Maqqarī (1383/1964): Rauḍat al-ās al-ʿāṭira al-anfās fī ḏikr man laqītuhū min aʿlām al-ḥaḍratain Marrākuš wa-Fās. Ar-Ribāṭ: al-Maṭbaʿa al-Malakīya.Search in Google Scholar

Al-Maqqarī (1967 [1855]): Analectes sur l’histoire et la littérature des Arabes d’Espagne par al-Makkari. Publié par R. Dozy et al. 2 Teile. Amsterdam: Oriental Press.Search in Google Scholar

Al-Maqqarī at-Tilimsānī, Aḥmad b. Muḥammad (1388/1968): Nafḥ aṭ-ṭīb min ġuṣn al-Andalus ar-raṭīb. Ed. von Iḥsān ʿAbbās. 8 Bde. Beirut: Dār Ṣādir.Search in Google Scholar

Al-Maqqarī at-Tilimsānī al-Mālikī, Abū l-ʿAbbās Šihāb ad-dīn Aḥmad b. Muḥammad b. Aḥmad (1435/2014): Iḍāʾat ad-duǧunna fī iʿtiqād ahl as-sunna. Ed. von Ṣibṭ al-Ğīlānī. Beirut: Muʼassasat al-Kutub aṯ-Ṯaqāfīya.Search in Google Scholar

McCarthy, R.J. (1960): „al-Bāḳillānī“. EI (2) I: 958–959.10.1136/bmj.2.5203.958Search in Google Scholar

MLG (Maurische Literaturgeschichte), siehe Rebstock, Ulrich.Search in Google Scholar

Möhring, Hannes (1997): „Zwischen Joseph-Legende und Mahdī-Erwartung: Erfolge und Ziele Sultan Saladins im Spiegel zeitgenössischer Dichtung und Weissagung“. In: Yaacov, Lev: War & Society in the Eastern Mediterranean, 7th-15th Centuries. Leiden: Brill, 177–195.10.1163/9789004474475_011Search in Google Scholar

Muḥammad b. Abī Bakr aṣ-Ṣiddīq al-Burtulī al-Walātī (1401/1981): Fatḥ aš-šakūr fī maʿrifat aʿyān ʿulamāʾ at-Takrūr. Ed. von Muḥammad Ibrāhīm al-Kattānī und Muḥammad Ḥaǧǧī. Beirut: Dār al-Ġarb al-Islāmī.Search in Google Scholar

Muḥammad b. Aḥmad b. Muḥammad al-Mālikī Maiyāra (o.J.): ad-Durr aṯ-ṯamīn wa l-maurid al-muʿīn, wa-huwa aš-Šarḥ al-kabīr ʿalā Naẓm al-Muršid al-muʿīn ʿalā ḍ-ḍarūrī min ʿulūm ad-dīn li-Abī Muḥammad ʿAbd al-Wāḥid b. Aḥmad b. ʿAlī b. ʿᾹšir al-Andalusī wa-bi l-hāmiš Šarḥ Ḫiṭaṭ as-sadād wa r-rušd li-Muḥammad Ibrāhīm at-Tatāʾī al-Mālikī ʿalā Naẓm Muqaddimat Ibn Rušd li-ʿAbd ar-Raḥmān ar-Raqaʿī. 2 Teile. Beirut: al-Maktaba aṯ-Ṯaqāfīya.Search in Google Scholar

Muḥammad Maḥfūẓ b. Aḥmad (1416/1996): Makānat uṣūl al-fiqh fī ṯ-ṯaqāfa al-maḥẓarīya al-mūrītānīya. Nouakchott: al-Maktab al-ʿArabī li l-Ḫidmāt aṯ-Ṯaqāfīya.Search in Google Scholar

Muḥammad b. Muḥammad Maḫlūf (1970 [1930]): Šaǧarat an-nūr az-zakīya fī ṭabaqāt al-Mālikīya. Ṭabʿa ǧadīda bi l-Ūfsit ʿan aṭ-ṭabʿa al-ūlā, al-Maṭbaʿa as-Salafīya wa-Maktabatuhā. Beirūt: Dār al-Kitāb al-ʿArabī.Search in Google Scholar

Muḥammad al-Muḫtār wuld as-Saʿd (2014): Dirāsāt fī t-tārīḫ al-mūrītānī. Nouakchott: Maktabat al-Qarnain.Search in Google Scholar

Al-Muḫtār b. Ḥāmidun (1990): al-Ḥayāt aṯ-ṯaqāfīya: al-ǧuzʾ aṯ-ṯānī. Ad-Dār al-ʿArabīya li l-Kitāb. Tunis.Search in Google Scholar

An-Nābulusī, ʿAbd al-Ġanīy b. Ismāʿīl (2011): Rāʾiḥat al-ǧanna, Šarḥ Iḍāʾat ad-duǧunna fī ʿaqāʾid ahl as-sunna li l-ḥāfiẓ Šihāb ad-dīn Abī l-ʿAbbās Aḥmad b. Muḥammad al-Maqqarī wa-yalīhi Faiḍ aš-šuʿāʿ al-kāšif li l-qināʿ ʿan arkān al-ibtidāʿ li l-Imām al-ʿAllāma al-Ḥasan b. Aḥmad aṣ-Ṣanʿānī. Taʿlīq wa-taḫrīǧ Aḥmad Farīd al-Mazīdī. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmīya.Search in Google Scholar

Norris, Harry T. (1993): „Mūrītāniyā“. EI (2) VII: 611–628.Search in Google Scholar

Oberauer, Norbert (2004): Religiöse Verpflichtung im Islam. Ein ethischer Grundbegriff und seine theologische, rechtliche und sozialgeschichtliche Dimension. Würzburg: Ergon Verlag.Search in Google Scholar

Oßwald, Rainer (1993): Schichtengesellschaft und islamisches Recht. Die Zawāyā und Krieger der Westsahara im Spiegel von Rechtsgutachten des 16.-19. Jahrhunderts. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag.Search in Google Scholar

Ould Bah, Mohamed M. (1971): „Introduction à la poésie mauritanienne (1650–1900)“. Arabica 18: 1–48.10.1163/15700585-01801002Search in Google Scholar

Ould Cheikh, Abdel Wedoud (2017): La société maure. Éléments d’anthropologie historique. Rabat: Editions & Impressions Bouregreg.Search in Google Scholar

Paret, Rudi (2014): Der Koran. Übersetzung. 12. Auflage. Stuttgart.Search in Google Scholar

Pellat, Charles (1991a): „al-Maʿḳil“. EI (2) VI: 141–143.Search in Google Scholar

Pellat, Charles (1991b): „Mayyāra“. EI (2) VI: 932–933.Search in Google Scholar

Rebstock, Ulrich (1990): „Arabic mathematical manuscripts in Mauritania“. BSOAS LIII. Part 3: 429–441.10.1017/S0041977X0015133XSearch in Google Scholar

Rebstock, Ulrich (2001): Maurische Literaturgeschichte (MLG). 3 Bde. Würzburg: Ergon Verlag.Search in Google Scholar

Reichmuth, Stefan (2000): „Islamic Education and Scholarship in Sub-Saharan Africa“. In: The History of Islam in Africa. Ed. by Nehemia Levtzion & Randall L. Pouwels. Ohio University Press, 419–440.Search in Google Scholar

Reichmuth, Stefan (2004): „Murtaḍā al-Zabīdī (1732–91) and the Africans: Islamic Discourse and Scholarly Networks in the Late Eighteenth Century“. In: The Transmission of Learning in Islamic Afrika. Ed. by Scott S. Reese. Leiden, Boston, 121–153.10.1163/9789047413349_011Search in Google Scholar

Rosenthal, Franz (1970): Knowledge Triumphant. The Concept of Knowledge in Medieval Islam. Leiden: Brill.10.1163/9789004610675Search in Google Scholar

Rudolph, Ulrich (1997): Al-Māturīdī und die sunnitische Theologie in Samarkand. Leiden u.a.: Brill.10.1163/9789004452138Search in Google Scholar

Aš-Šaiḫ Muḥammad b. Aḥmad al-mulaqqab bi d-Dāh aš-Šinqīṭī [20. Jh.]: Iḍāʾat ad-duǧunna fī iʿtiqād ahl as-sunna taʾlīf al-ʿālim aš-Šaiḫ Aḥmad al-Maqqarī al-Maġribī al-Mālikī al-Ašʿarī, wa-yalīhi Auǧaz as-siyar li-ḫair al-bašar li-bn Fāris. Rāǧaʿahū wa-ʿallaqa ʿalaihi wa-ṣaḥḥaḥahū aš-Šaiḫ Abū l-Faḍl ʿAbdallāh Muḥammad aṣ-Ṣiddīq al-Ġumārī. Beirut: Dār al-Fikr.Search in Google Scholar

As-Sanūsī, Muḥammad b. Yūsuf (1427/2006a): al-ʿAqīda al-wusṭā wa-šarḥuhā. Ed. von as-Saiyid Yūsuf Aḥmad. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmīya.Search in Google Scholar

As-Sanūsī, Muḥammad b. Yūsuf (1427/2006b): Šarḥ al-ʿAqīda al-kubrā al-musammāt ʿAqīdat ahl at-tauḥīd. Ed. von as-Saiyid Yūsuf Aḥmad. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmīya.Search in Google Scholar

Schacht, Joseph (1960): „al-Ak̲h̲ḍarī“. EI (2) I: 321.Search in Google Scholar

Serrano Ruano, Delfina (2016): „Later Ashʿarism in the Islamic West“. In: The Oxford Handbook of Islamic Theology. Ed. by Sabine Schmidtke. Oxford: University Press, 515–533.Search in Google Scholar

Sobieroj, Florian (2016): Variance in Arabic Manuscripts: Arabic Didactic Poems from the Eleventh to the Seventeenth Centuries – Analysis of Textual Variance and Its Control in the Manuscripts. Boston: De Gruyter.10.1515/9783110460582Search in Google Scholar

Spevack, Aaron (2016): „Egypt and the Later Ashʿarite School“. In: The Oxford Handbook of Islamic Theology. Ed. by Sabine Schmidtke. Oxford: University Press, 534–546.Search in Google Scholar

Stewart, Charles C. (2016): Arabic Literature of Africa. The Writings of Mauritania and the Western Sahara, with Sidi Ahmed Wuld Ahmed Salim and the assistance of Mohamed Nouhi et al. Volume 5 (ALA V). Part 1, Part 2. Leiden: Brill.Search in Google Scholar

as-Suyūṭī (1967–1968): Ḥusn al-muḥāḍara fī aḫbār Miṣr wa l-Qāhira. Ed. von Muḥammad Abū l-Faḍl Ibrāhīm. 2 Bde. [al-Qāhira]: ʿĪsā al-Bābī al-Ḥalabī.Search in Google Scholar

Taine-Cheikh, Catherine (2007): „The (r)urbanization of Mauritania“. In: Arabic in the City. Issues in dialect contact and language variation. Ed. by Catherine Miller et al. London: Routledge, 35–54.Search in Google Scholar

Aṭ-Ṭaiyib b. ʿUmar b. al-Ḥusain (1416/1995): as-Salafīya wa-aʿlāmuhā fī Mūrītāniyā „Šinqīṭ“. Beirut: Dār al-Ḥazm.Search in Google Scholar

aṭ-Ṭālib Ḫiyār b. Māmainā (1990): ʿAqīdat ahl al-īmān wa ḏ-ḏabb ʿan baʿḍ al-aʿyān. Nouakchott.Search in Google Scholar

„al-T̲h̲aʿālibī“: EI (2) X (2000): 425.Search in Google Scholar

ʿUllaiš, Muḥammad (1425/2004a): al-Futūḥāt al-ilāhīya al-wahbīya ʿalā l-Manẓūma al-Maqqarīya al-musammāt Iḍāʾat ad-duǧunna fī iʿtiqād ahl as-sunna. Al-muḥaqqiq wa n-nāšir Muḥammad Maḥmūd Wuld Muḥammad al-Amīn.Search in Google Scholar

ʿUllaiš, Muḥammad (1425/2004b): Hidāyat al-murīd li-ʿAqīdat at-tauḥīd. Šarḥ al-Ustāḏ aš-Šaiḫ Muḥammad ʿUllaiš. Šarḥ:ʿUmdat ahl at-taufīq wa t-tasdīd li l-Imām al-Ǧalīl Sīdī Muḥammad b. Yūsuf as-Sanūsī. Al-muḥaqqiq wa n-nāšir Muḥammad Maḥmūd Wuld Muḥammad al-Amīn.Search in Google Scholar

Ullmann, Manfred (1995): „Rad̲j̲az“. EI (2) VIII: 375–378.Search in Google Scholar

Véronne, de la, Chantal (1997): „Ṣanhād̲j̲a“. EI (2) IX: 18.Search in Google Scholar

Vidal-Castro, Francisco: „al-Bājī, Abū l-Walīd“. Online-Zugriff am 13.12.2017 (Hauptbibliothek der Universität Basel).Search in Google Scholar

Watt, W. Montgomery (1960a): „al-As̲h̲ʿarī“. EI (2) I: 694–695.Search in Google Scholar

Watt, W. Montgomery (1960b): „al-Aṣlaḥ“. EI (2) I: 713.Search in Google Scholar

Watt, W. Montgomery (1971): „Ibn Fūrak“. EI (2) III: 766–767.10.5694/j.1326-5377.1971.tb92530.xSearch in Google Scholar

Wensinck, Arent J. (1965): The Muslim Creed. Its Genesis and Historical Development. 2. Druck. London: F. Cass.Search in Google Scholar

Wensinck, Arent J. / Jomier, Jacques (1978): „Kaʿba“. EI (2) IV: 318.Search in Google Scholar

Wettach, Renate (2001): Islamische Glaubensbekenntnisse. Muhammad b. Mansur al-Hudhudis Kommentar zu as-Sanusis Aqida Umm al-barahin (Hs. Freiburg 153): Analyse und Interpretation. (unveröffentlichte Magisterarbeit, zugl. Freiburg i. Br., Univ. 2000/2001).Search in Google Scholar

Yaḥyā wuld al-Barrāʾ, siehe al-Barrāʾ, Yaḥyā wuld.Search in Google Scholar

al-Yūsī, al-Ḥasan b. Masʿūd (1998): al-Qānūn fī aḥkām al-ʿilm wa-aḥkām al-ʿālim wa-aḥkām al-mutaʿallim. Ed. von Ḥamīd Ḥamānī. Ar-Ribāṭ: Maṭbaʿat Šālah.Search in Google Scholar

Al-Yūsī, Abū l-Mawāhib al-Ḥasan b. Masʿūd (1429/2008): Ḥawāšī al-Yūsī ʿalā šarḥ Kubrā as-Sanūsī al-musammāt:ʿUmdat ahl at-taufīq wa t-tasdīd fī šarḥ ʿaqīdat ahl at-tauḥīd. Ǧuzʾ 1. Ed. von Ḥamīd Ḥamānī al-Yūsī. Ad-Dār al-Baiḍāʾ: Maṭbaʿat Dār al-Furqān li n-Našr al-Ḥadīṯ.Search in Google Scholar

Az-Ziriklī, Ḫair ad-dīn (1990–1992): al-Aʿlām. 8 Bde. 9. Druck, 10. Druck. Beirut: Dār al-ʿIlm li l-Malāyīn.Search in Google Scholar

Published Online: 2018-06-13
Published in Print: 2018-10-25

© 2018 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

Downloaded on 9.12.2025 from https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.1515/asia-2018-0008/pdf
Scroll to top button