Hierarchical modelling of microstructural effects on mechanical properties of wood. A review COST Action E35 2004–2008: Wood machining – micromechanics and fracture
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Karin Hofstetter
Abstract
Wood exhibits a hierarchical architecture. Its macroscopic properties are determined by microstructural features at different scales of observation. Recent developments of experimental micro-characterisation techniques have delivered further insight into the appearance and the behaviour of wood at smaller length scales. The improved knowledge and the availability of increasingly powerful micromechanical modelling techniques and homogenisation methods have stimulated rather comprehensive research on multiscale modelling of wood. Linking microstructural properties to macroscopic characteristics is expected to improve the knowledge of the mechanical behaviour of wood and to serve as the basis for the development of innovative wood-based products and for biomimetic material design. Moreover, understanding fundamental aspects of wood machining requires multiscale approaches which can take into account the heterogeneity, anisotropy and hierarchies of wood and wood composites. In this review, recent developments in the field of hierarchical modelling of the hygroelastic behaviour of wood are discussed, and a short outline of the theoretical background is given. Much focus is placed on composite micromechanical models for the wood cell wall and on multiscale models for wood resting upon hierarchical finite element models and on the application of continuum micromechanics, respectively. These models generally lead to the specification of equivalent homogeneous continua with effective material properties. Finally, current deficiencies and limitations of hierarchical models are sketched and possible future research directions are specified.
©2009 by Walter de Gruyter Berlin New York
Articles in the same Issue
- Editorial
- Editorial
- Selected articles from the COST Action E35 2004–2008: Wood machining – micromechanics and fracture
- Cell wall features with regard to mechanical performance. A review COST Action E35 2004–2008: Wood machining – micromechanics and fracture
- Hierarchical modelling of microstructural effects on mechanical properties of wood. A review COST Action E35 2004–2008: Wood machining – micromechanics and fracture
- Fracture behaviour of wood and its composites. A review COST Action E35 2004–2008: Wood machining – micromechanics and fracture
- Modeling crack propagation in wood and wood composites. A review COST Action E35 2004–2008: Wood machining – micromechanics and fracture
- Cutting forces in wood machining – Basics and applications in industrial processes. A review COST Action E35 2004–2008: Wood machining – micromechanics and fracture
- Fracture toughness, chip types and the mechanics of cutting wood. A review COST Action E35 2004–2008: Wood machining – micromechanics and fracture
- Recent progress in research on the cutting processes of wood. A review COST Action E35 2004–2008: Wood machining – micromechanics and fracture
- Micromechanics of creep and relaxation of wood. A review COST Action E35 2004–2008: Wood machining – micromechanics and fracture
- Properties of wood surfaces – characterisation and measurement. A review COST Action E35 2004–2008: Wood machining – micromechanics and fracture
- Original Papers
- On the energy consumption for crack development in fibre wall in disc refining – A micromechanical approach
- Shear properties of wood measured by the asymmetric four-point bending test of notched specimen
- Measurement of the shear properties of clear wood by the Arcan test
- Impact of dissolved sodium salts on kraft cooking reactions
- Addition of bisulphite to lignin α-carbonyl groups: A study on model compounds and lignin-rich pulp
- Visualization of interfacial zones in lyocell fiber-reinforced polypropylene composite by AFM contrast imaging based on phase and thermal conductivity measurements
- Ultrastructural development of the softwood cell wall during pyrolysis
- Short Note
- Effect of copper xyligen treatment on bending properties of wood
- Personalia
- Umdasch Research Award
- Meeting
- 10.1515/HF.2009.042
Articles in the same Issue
- Editorial
- Editorial
- Selected articles from the COST Action E35 2004–2008: Wood machining – micromechanics and fracture
- Cell wall features with regard to mechanical performance. A review COST Action E35 2004–2008: Wood machining – micromechanics and fracture
- Hierarchical modelling of microstructural effects on mechanical properties of wood. A review COST Action E35 2004–2008: Wood machining – micromechanics and fracture
- Fracture behaviour of wood and its composites. A review COST Action E35 2004–2008: Wood machining – micromechanics and fracture
- Modeling crack propagation in wood and wood composites. A review COST Action E35 2004–2008: Wood machining – micromechanics and fracture
- Cutting forces in wood machining – Basics and applications in industrial processes. A review COST Action E35 2004–2008: Wood machining – micromechanics and fracture
- Fracture toughness, chip types and the mechanics of cutting wood. A review COST Action E35 2004–2008: Wood machining – micromechanics and fracture
- Recent progress in research on the cutting processes of wood. A review COST Action E35 2004–2008: Wood machining – micromechanics and fracture
- Micromechanics of creep and relaxation of wood. A review COST Action E35 2004–2008: Wood machining – micromechanics and fracture
- Properties of wood surfaces – characterisation and measurement. A review COST Action E35 2004–2008: Wood machining – micromechanics and fracture
- Original Papers
- On the energy consumption for crack development in fibre wall in disc refining – A micromechanical approach
- Shear properties of wood measured by the asymmetric four-point bending test of notched specimen
- Measurement of the shear properties of clear wood by the Arcan test
- Impact of dissolved sodium salts on kraft cooking reactions
- Addition of bisulphite to lignin α-carbonyl groups: A study on model compounds and lignin-rich pulp
- Visualization of interfacial zones in lyocell fiber-reinforced polypropylene composite by AFM contrast imaging based on phase and thermal conductivity measurements
- Ultrastructural development of the softwood cell wall during pyrolysis
- Short Note
- Effect of copper xyligen treatment on bending properties of wood
- Personalia
- Umdasch Research Award
- Meeting
- 10.1515/HF.2009.042
