Ozone Oxidation and Structural Features of an Almond Shell Lignin Remaining after Furfural Manufacture
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J. Quesada
Summary
Wastes from industrial processes which use lignocellulosic materials as raw material are an interesting source of chemicals since they can be transformed into products of high added value. In the process described here, ozone was used to produce oxyaromatics from a lignin-rich industrial waste resulting from the production of furfural from almond shells. Ozonation, thioacidolysis and mild alkaline hydrolysis were used to determine some structural features of the raw and acid-hydrolyzed almond shell lignins. During ozone treatment of the different lignin solutions the following compounds were identified: glycolic, oxalic, malonic, glyceric (trace), malic, p-hydroxybenzoic and vanillic acids, p-hydroxybenzaldehyde, vanillin, syringaldehyde and hydroquinone. The aromatic aldehydes passed through a production maximum during the first few minutes of the reaction, while glycolic and oxalic acid (the main aliphatic acids) yields increased throughout the treatment. Raw almond shell lignin had a typical hardwood composition [made up of guaiacyl (G) and syringyl (S) phenylpropane units] and few β-O-4 structures. Acid-hydrolyzed almond shell lignins had a more condensed structure than the above. The S/G ratio obtained by ozonation was slightly lower than that obtained by thioacidolysis, with the (S/G)Ozonation/(S/G)Thioacidolysis ratio ranging from 0.52 to 0.70. The almond shell lignin-polysaccharide complex did not contain any cell wall-esterified p-hydroxycinnamic acid (p-coumaric and ferulic acids).
Copyright © 2002 by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co. KG
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Articles in the same Issue
- Transverse Young's Moduli and Cell Shapes in Coniferous Early Wood
- Cytochemical Localization of Hydrogen Peroxide Production during Wood Decay by Brown-Rot Fungi Tyromyces palustris and Coniophora puteana
- The Further Chemistry of Ellagic Acid II. Ellagic Acid and Water-Soluble Ellagates as Metal Precipitants
- Investigation on Fossil Barks from an Arctic Canadian Site Constituted by a Multiple Level Tertiary Fossil Forest 45 Million Years Old
- Moisture Content and Extractive Materials in Maritime Pine Wood by Low Field 1H NMR
- Ozone Oxidation and Structural Features of an Almond Shell Lignin Remaining after Furfural Manufacture
- FTIR Microscopy and Ultrastructural Investigation of Silylated Solid Wood
- Nondestructive Analysis of Lignin Structure by NMR Spectroscopy of Specifically 13C-Enriched Lignins. Part 1. Solid State Study of Ginkgo Wood
- Effect of High-Temperature Defibration on the Chemical Structure of Hardwood
- Totally Chlorine Free Bleaching of Eucalyptus globulus Dissolving Pulps Delignified with Peroxyformic Acid and Formic Acid
- Effect of the α- and γ-Hydroxyls on the Alkaline Hydrolysis Rate of Nonphenolic β-0-4 Lignin Diastereomers
- The Incorporation of 3,4-Dichloroaniline, a Pesticide Metabolite, into Dehydrogenation Polymers of Coniferyl Alcohol (DHPs). Part 2. Identification of a Dimeric Adduct
- Reactions of Lignin with Cyanamide Activated Hydrogen Peroxide. Part 3. The Degradation of Pine Kraft Lignin
- Kinetics of ASAM and Kraft Pulping of Eucalypt Wood (Eucalyptus globulus)
- Adsorption of Liquids and Swelling of Wood. Part VI. Saturated Amounts and Some Thermodynamic Values of Adsorption
- The Analysis of Dimensional Changes Due to Chemical Treatments and Water Soaking for Hinoki (Chamaecyparis obtusa) Wood
- Using UV-Microscopy to Study Diffusion of Melamine-Urea-Formaldehyde Resin in Cell Walls of Spruce Wood
- Volatile Organic Compounds Emissions from Particleboard Veneered with Decorative Paper Foil
