Cytoprotection against Oxidative Stress and the Regulation of Glutathione Synthesis
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D. A. Dickinson
Abstract
Adaptation to oxidative and nitrosative stress occurs in cells first exposed to a nontoxic stress, resulting in the ability to tolerate a toxic challenge of the same or a related oxidant. Adaptation is observed in a wide variety of cells including endothelial cells on exposure to nitric oxide or oxidized lipids, and lung epithelial cells exposed to air-borne pollutants and toxicants. This acquired characteristic has been related to the regulation of a family of stress responding proteins including those that control the synthesis of the intracellular antioxidant glutathione. The focus of this article, which includes a review of recent results along with new data, is the regulation and signaling of glutathione biosynthesis, especially those relating to adaptive mechanisms. These concepts are illustrated with examples using nitric oxide and oxidized low density lipoprotein mediated adaptation to oxidative stress. These data are discussed in the context of other adaptive mechanisms relating to glutathione synthesis including those from dietary constituents such as curcumin.
Copyright © 2003 by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co. KG
Articles in the same Issue
- Glutathione, Related Enzymology, and Leopold Flohé
- 'Lest I Forget Thee, Glutathione...'
- Glutathione Pathways in the Brain
- The Role of Glutathione Peroxidases in Trypanosomatids
- Cytoprotection against Oxidative Stress and the Regulation of Glutathione Synthesis
- The Parasite-Specific Trypanothione Metabolism of Trypanosoma and Leishmania
- Glutathione – Functions and Metabolism in the Malarial Parasite Plasmodium falciparum
- Oxidative Stress Caused by Inactivation of Glutathione Peroxidase and Adaptive Responses
- Versatility of Selenium Catalysis in PHGPx Unraveled by LC/ESI-MS/MS
- Modulation of the Chymotrypsin-Like Activity of the 20S Proteasome by Intracellular Redox Status: Effects of Glutathione Peroxidase-1 Overexpression and Antioxidant Drugs
- Microflora Trigger Colitis in Mice Deficient in Selenium-Dependent Glutathione Peroxidase and Induce Gpx2 Gene Expression
- Recruitment of the Interleukin-1 Receptor (IL-1RI)-Associated Kinase IRAK to the IL-1RI Is Redox Regulated
- Kinetics and Redox-Sensitive Oligomerisation Reveal Negative Subunit Cooperativity in Tryparedoxin Peroxidase of Trypanosoma brucei brucei
- Testis-Specific Expression of the Nuclear Form of Phospholipid Hydroperoxide Glutathione Peroxidase (PHGPx)
- Selective Recognition of Peptide Sequences by Glutathione Transferases: A Possible Mechanism for Modulation of Cellular Stress-Induced Signaling Pathways
- Biosynthesis of Trypanothione in Trypanosoma brucei brucei
- Transcriptional Regulation of Cytosol and Membrane Alanyl-Aminopeptidase in Human T Cell Subsets
- Regulation of Gene Transcription by a Constitutively Active Mutant of Activating Transcription Factor 2 (ATF2)
- Solvent Isotope Effect on the Reaction Catalysed by the Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex from Escherichia coli
- Selective Induction of Liver Parenchymal Cell Heme Oxygenase-1 in Selenium-Deficient Rats
Articles in the same Issue
- Glutathione, Related Enzymology, and Leopold Flohé
- 'Lest I Forget Thee, Glutathione...'
- Glutathione Pathways in the Brain
- The Role of Glutathione Peroxidases in Trypanosomatids
- Cytoprotection against Oxidative Stress and the Regulation of Glutathione Synthesis
- The Parasite-Specific Trypanothione Metabolism of Trypanosoma and Leishmania
- Glutathione – Functions and Metabolism in the Malarial Parasite Plasmodium falciparum
- Oxidative Stress Caused by Inactivation of Glutathione Peroxidase and Adaptive Responses
- Versatility of Selenium Catalysis in PHGPx Unraveled by LC/ESI-MS/MS
- Modulation of the Chymotrypsin-Like Activity of the 20S Proteasome by Intracellular Redox Status: Effects of Glutathione Peroxidase-1 Overexpression and Antioxidant Drugs
- Microflora Trigger Colitis in Mice Deficient in Selenium-Dependent Glutathione Peroxidase and Induce Gpx2 Gene Expression
- Recruitment of the Interleukin-1 Receptor (IL-1RI)-Associated Kinase IRAK to the IL-1RI Is Redox Regulated
- Kinetics and Redox-Sensitive Oligomerisation Reveal Negative Subunit Cooperativity in Tryparedoxin Peroxidase of Trypanosoma brucei brucei
- Testis-Specific Expression of the Nuclear Form of Phospholipid Hydroperoxide Glutathione Peroxidase (PHGPx)
- Selective Recognition of Peptide Sequences by Glutathione Transferases: A Possible Mechanism for Modulation of Cellular Stress-Induced Signaling Pathways
- Biosynthesis of Trypanothione in Trypanosoma brucei brucei
- Transcriptional Regulation of Cytosol and Membrane Alanyl-Aminopeptidase in Human T Cell Subsets
- Regulation of Gene Transcription by a Constitutively Active Mutant of Activating Transcription Factor 2 (ATF2)
- Solvent Isotope Effect on the Reaction Catalysed by the Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex from Escherichia coli
- Selective Induction of Liver Parenchymal Cell Heme Oxygenase-1 in Selenium-Deficient Rats
