DDagget, Windsor Pratt, b. 1877, d. June 27,1958; pronunciation elocutionist.Educated at Brown University, with a Ph.D.from Harvard and a Litt.D. from Brown in1912, D. was speech and drama professor atthe University of Maine from 1906 to 1917,the University of Missouri from 1917 to 1926,and at Hebrew Union College, New York City,from 1927 to 1956. A disciple of W. Tilly ofColumbia University, he opposed regional dia-lects and urged a pronunciation based on Brit-ish English for public use.Eric P. HampDal, Ingerid, b. Aug. 2, 1895, Christiania (nowOslo), Norway, d. Feb. 17, 1985, Oslo; German-ist.From 1914 D. studied philosophy and phi-lology in Christiania (now Oslo), from 1918 inHeidelberg and Hamburg. In 1925 she receiveda doctorate in philosophy in Hamburg and in1930 a doctorate in linguistics from the Univer-sity of Oslo. D. was first assistant lecturer, from1931, and later professor of Germanic Philol-ogy from 1939 to 1965 at the University ofOslo.D. investigated the expletive particlesof/umin Old Norse poetry (1929, 1930) and the originof the English present participle in-ing(1952)and pointed out that the oldest stratum of OldSaxon had certain forms (bed,them,blindum)that had to be regarded as Ingvaeonic (1934),stressing the autochthonism of these forms(1954, 1983). The synthetic character of theNew High German case system was shown tobe the result of an active reconstruction ofsynthetic case forms in Old High German(der,alter, etc.; cf. 1942). D. also covered awide range of other topics. One of D. s mostoutstanding works is his Short German Syntax(31966).(1929): “Ursprung und Verwendung der altnordischen Expletivpartikel of, um”,NVA2, V, 1–91. (1930):“Zur Gesch. der schwachtonigen Präfixe im Nordi-schen”,NTS4, 179–211. (1934a): “Über den altsäch-sischen Dat. Sg. Mask. und Ntr. der pronominalenFlexion”, ib. 7, 142–62. (1934b): “Zur Geschichte deria-Stämme im Westgerm.”, ib. 7, 243–52. (1942): “Sys-temerhaltende Tendenzen in der dt. Kasusmorpholo-gie”, ib. 12, 199–212. (1952): “Zur Entstehung des e.Participium praesentis auf -ing”, ib. 16, 5–116. (1954):“Zur Stellung des Altsächsischen und der Heliand-sprache”, ib. 17, 410–24. (1966):Kurze dt. Syntaxauf hist. Grundlage, 3rd ed., Tübingen (11952).(1971):Untersuchungen zur germ. und dt. Sprachge-schichte, Oslo (includes complete biblio. up to 1970,269–70 and 170, note, suppl. by Grønvik [1988], be-low, 5). (1983): “Altniederdt. und seine Vorstufen”, in:Cordes, G., & Mçhn, D., eds.,Handbuch zur niederdt.Sprach- und Literaturwiss., Berlin, 69–97.Askedal, J.O. (1985): “I.D. 1895–1985”,NLT2,109–12.Grønvik, O. (1986): “Minnetale over profes-sor dr. philos. I.D.”,NVA195–201. Id. (1988): “Daswiss. Werk I. Dals”, in: Askedal, J.O., et al., eds.,Gedenkschrift für I. D., Tübingen, 1–5.Ottar GrønvikDal , Vladimir Ivanovicˇ, b. Nov. 10 (22), 1801,Lugan, Russia, d. Sep. 22 (Oct. 4), 1872, Mos-cow; lexicographer, author of a monumentaldictionary of the Russian language.By profession a naval medical officer, D.retired in 1859 to live in Moscow and devotedhimself to scientific and literary work. Hebegancollecting the material for his dictionary in 1819and worked 53 years on the first two editions(11863–66,21880). In 1863, he became Hono-rary Member of the Academy of Sciences in St.Petersburg.D. s dictionary contains more than 200,000entries of the literary language, colloquialspeech, and dialects of mid-19th century Rus-sian, including idioms and proverbs and evensome encyclopedic information. In the traditionof stem dictionaries, the material is arranged byword families. The dictionary was received withgreat interest, but also met with criticism. Suchdefects as incorrect etymologies and artificialRussian words substituted for loan words wereto a large extent corrected in the 3rd edition(1903–09) by J.fiBaudouin de Courtenay, whoexpanded the dictionary by some 20,000 entries.To this day it is considered the richest lexico-graphic source for 19th-century Russian, espe-cially for colloquial speech, which was not usu-ally reflected in dictionaries of that time.D. is the author of a special dictionary ofRussian proverbs, containing some 30,000 en-tries (1862), and also wrote theoretical articleson lexicography and dialectology, in which hedealt mainly with the classification of the EastSlavic dialects (1852). He was also a respectedethnographer and prose writer (under the pseu-donym of Kazak Luganskij).(1852): “O narecˇijax ruskago jazyka”,Veˇstnik Impe-ratorskago Russkago geograficˇeskago obsˇcˇestva5 (alsoin [1863–66], below,xxv—liv). (1862):Poslovicy rus-kago naroda,Moskva. (1863–66):Tolkovyj slovar zˇi-vago velikoruskago jazyka, 4 vols., Sankt-Peterburg &Moskva (21880,31903–09, J. Baudouin de Courtenay,ed.). (1897–98):Polnoe sobranie socˇinenij V. I. Dalja(Kazaka Luganskogo), 10 vols., Sankt-Peterburg.Babkin, A.M. (1978): “Tolkovyj slovar V.I. Da-lja”, in: V.I.D. (1863–66), above] vol. I,iii–x.Cejtlin,R.M. (1958):Kratkij ocˇerk istorii russkoj leksikografii,Moskva.Cˇernysˇev, V.I. (1970): “V.I.D. i ego trudy v
