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Y Yagoda, Genrikh Grigorievich (1891 — 1938) A Bolshevik revolutionary and the chief of the Soviet secret police before W.W.II. He became a Bolshevik in 1907 and, after the October Revolution of 1917, joined the CHEKA, became the de-puty chief of the OGPU in 1924 and the chief of the NKVD ten years later. In this capacity, he greatly expanded the FORCED LABOUR CAMPS and organized the first TREASON TRIAL (Aug. 1936). But because of his previous association with the RIGHT OPPOSITION and insufficient ruthlessness, he was removed by Stalin in Sep. 1936 (and replaced by N. I. YEZHOV). In April 1937, he was arrested, tried for treason, together with BUKHARIN and RYKOV, and was executed in the following year. YAK The Soviet abbreviation for piston or jet-engined fighter and passenger aircraft, designed by A. S. Yakovlev (1906- ), a distinguished Soviet aircraft designer and military engineering leader. Yalta Conference An important meeting of the leaders of the three Allied Powers at Yalta in the Crimean Peninsula in the latter stages of W.W.II mainly on the final defeat and treatment of Germany. The Conference took place from 4 to 11 Feb. 1945 and was attended by J. V. Stalin, F. D. Roosevelt and W. Churchill, aided by their foreign ministers, chiefs of staff and various advisers. It was agreed that the Allied administration would be estab-lished for defeated Germany with joint headquarters in Berlin (to which France would also be invited), that the USSR would take over eastern Poland and the latter would be 'compensated for' with German territories, that the USSR would have a free hand in Eastern Europe and that the USSR would enter war against Japan and be rewarded with southern Sakhalin, the Kuril Islands and special rights in Manchuria. It was also decided to prepare the United Nations Charter and hold trials of the war criminals. Most of the content of the Conference was kept secret at the time and some of it has not been implemented in the friendly spirit originally intended. The chief beneficiary of the Y.C. was the USSR and later it became a symbol of US and British capitu-lation to Stalin. Yalta Group See RIGA AND YALTA GROUPS Yalta Memorandum Ideological precepts preapred by p. TOGLIATTI while on holi-days at Yalta and in the Crimea, shortly before his death and published posthum-ously in Aug. 1964. The Y.M. dwelt on the international communist movement and was written in the form of an address to KHRUSHCHEV. It contained critical obser-vations on the tactics of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union in relation to the Chinese Communist Party. Togliatti called for greater independence of the communist parties and a flexible inter-pretation of Marxism. Yang Hsien-chen (1899- ) A leading Chinese Marxist philosopher, former President of the Higher Party School who, owing to differences in philosophical in-terpretation with Mao Tse-tung, was re-653

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Y Yagoda, Genrikh Grigorievich (1891 — 1938) A Bolshevik revolutionary and the chief of the Soviet secret police before W.W.II. He became a Bolshevik in 1907 and, after the October Revolution of 1917, joined the CHEKA, became the de-puty chief of the OGPU in 1924 and the chief of the NKVD ten years later. In this capacity, he greatly expanded the FORCED LABOUR CAMPS and organized the first TREASON TRIAL (Aug. 1936). But because of his previous association with the RIGHT OPPOSITION and insufficient ruthlessness, he was removed by Stalin in Sep. 1936 (and replaced by N. I. YEZHOV). In April 1937, he was arrested, tried for treason, together with BUKHARIN and RYKOV, and was executed in the following year. YAK The Soviet abbreviation for piston or jet-engined fighter and passenger aircraft, designed by A. S. Yakovlev (1906- ), a distinguished Soviet aircraft designer and military engineering leader. Yalta Conference An important meeting of the leaders of the three Allied Powers at Yalta in the Crimean Peninsula in the latter stages of W.W.II mainly on the final defeat and treatment of Germany. The Conference took place from 4 to 11 Feb. 1945 and was attended by J. V. Stalin, F. D. Roosevelt and W. Churchill, aided by their foreign ministers, chiefs of staff and various advisers. It was agreed that the Allied administration would be estab-lished for defeated Germany with joint headquarters in Berlin (to which France would also be invited), that the USSR would take over eastern Poland and the latter would be 'compensated for' with German territories, that the USSR would have a free hand in Eastern Europe and that the USSR would enter war against Japan and be rewarded with southern Sakhalin, the Kuril Islands and special rights in Manchuria. It was also decided to prepare the United Nations Charter and hold trials of the war criminals. Most of the content of the Conference was kept secret at the time and some of it has not been implemented in the friendly spirit originally intended. The chief beneficiary of the Y.C. was the USSR and later it became a symbol of US and British capitu-lation to Stalin. Yalta Group See RIGA AND YALTA GROUPS Yalta Memorandum Ideological precepts preapred by p. TOGLIATTI while on holi-days at Yalta and in the Crimea, shortly before his death and published posthum-ously in Aug. 1964. The Y.M. dwelt on the international communist movement and was written in the form of an address to KHRUSHCHEV. It contained critical obser-vations on the tactics of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union in relation to the Chinese Communist Party. Togliatti called for greater independence of the communist parties and a flexible inter-pretation of Marxism. Yang Hsien-chen (1899- ) A leading Chinese Marxist philosopher, former President of the Higher Party School who, owing to differences in philosophical in-terpretation with Mao Tse-tung, was re-653

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