10 Fuel cells for mobile applications
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Thomas Von Unwerth
Abstract
The increasing ecological awareness nowadays leads to a high demand for environmentally friendly energy conversion, especially in mobile applications. Therefore, hydrogen is seen to be one of the most purposive options, ideally utilized in fuel cells. Those, almost known for two centuries, have been already tried and tested in many prototypes and demonstrators. From different types of fuel cells, the proton exchange membrane fuel cell turned out as the most suitable, consisting of several components with very specific requirements. Its working principle uses hydrogen and air to form no harmful emissions, just water vapor. Assembled with a hydrogen, air, and cooling module and equipped with a control unit the fuel cell forms a system delivering electric power, with addition of an electric powertrain and an adequate hybridization then suitable for propulsion. Since fuel cells headed to overcome more and more their challenges, an increasing number of mobile applications in different fields occurred. But for a widespread market entry still some research and development tasks have to be performed, aiming, among others, at high reliability and low costs, comparable to conventional powertrains.
Abstract
The increasing ecological awareness nowadays leads to a high demand for environmentally friendly energy conversion, especially in mobile applications. Therefore, hydrogen is seen to be one of the most purposive options, ideally utilized in fuel cells. Those, almost known for two centuries, have been already tried and tested in many prototypes and demonstrators. From different types of fuel cells, the proton exchange membrane fuel cell turned out as the most suitable, consisting of several components with very specific requirements. Its working principle uses hydrogen and air to form no harmful emissions, just water vapor. Assembled with a hydrogen, air, and cooling module and equipped with a control unit the fuel cell forms a system delivering electric power, with addition of an electric powertrain and an adequate hybridization then suitable for propulsion. Since fuel cells headed to overcome more and more their challenges, an increasing number of mobile applications in different fields occurred. But for a widespread market entry still some research and development tasks have to be performed, aiming, among others, at high reliability and low costs, comparable to conventional powertrains.
Chapters in this book
- Frontmatter I
- Series editor preface VII
- About the series editor IX
- Contents XI
- List of contributors XXI
- Hydrogen: Presents Accomplishments and Far-Reaching Promises 1
-
Forewords
- Foreword 9
- Foreword 15
-
Extended Introductions
- Hydrogen: why the times to scale have come 29
- Hydrogen key to a carbon-free energy system 43
- The European hydrogen strategy 105
- Introduction to the hydrogen books 117
- Geopolitics of hydrogen 127
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Volume III: Utilization of hydrogen for sustainable energy and fuels
- 1 Applications of hydrogen technologies and their role for a sustainable future 137
- 2 Perspectives of hydrogen in trucks 157
- 3 Hydrogen for transport 165
- 4 Introduction to hydrogen energy: from applications to technical solutions 195
- 5 High-temperature electrolysis: efficient and versatile solution for multiple applications 219
- 6 The use of hydrogen in ammonia synthesis, and in oxygen and carbon dioxide catalytic reduction – the reaction mechanisms 269
- 7 The potential of hydrogen passenger cars in supporting the decarbonization of the transport sector 303
- 8 The hydrogen as a fuel 315
- 9 Hydrogen refueling of cars and light-duty vehicles 333
- 10 Fuel cells for mobile applications 347
- 11 Hydrogen fuel cell applications 367
- 12 Materials for proton-exchange fuel cell for mobility and stationary applications 399
- 13 Hydrogen safety, state of the art, perspectives, risk assessment, and engineering solutions 433
- 14 Hydrogen applications in ENI: from Industrial applications to power generation 451
- 15 Hydrogen for mobility 467
- 16 Hydrogen distribution infrastructure 491
- 17 Power to gas to fuel – P2G2F® 511
- Conclusions and Recommendations: “The Future of Hydrogen” 535
- Index 543
Chapters in this book
- Frontmatter I
- Series editor preface VII
- About the series editor IX
- Contents XI
- List of contributors XXI
- Hydrogen: Presents Accomplishments and Far-Reaching Promises 1
-
Forewords
- Foreword 9
- Foreword 15
-
Extended Introductions
- Hydrogen: why the times to scale have come 29
- Hydrogen key to a carbon-free energy system 43
- The European hydrogen strategy 105
- Introduction to the hydrogen books 117
- Geopolitics of hydrogen 127
-
Volume III: Utilization of hydrogen for sustainable energy and fuels
- 1 Applications of hydrogen technologies and their role for a sustainable future 137
- 2 Perspectives of hydrogen in trucks 157
- 3 Hydrogen for transport 165
- 4 Introduction to hydrogen energy: from applications to technical solutions 195
- 5 High-temperature electrolysis: efficient and versatile solution for multiple applications 219
- 6 The use of hydrogen in ammonia synthesis, and in oxygen and carbon dioxide catalytic reduction – the reaction mechanisms 269
- 7 The potential of hydrogen passenger cars in supporting the decarbonization of the transport sector 303
- 8 The hydrogen as a fuel 315
- 9 Hydrogen refueling of cars and light-duty vehicles 333
- 10 Fuel cells for mobile applications 347
- 11 Hydrogen fuel cell applications 367
- 12 Materials for proton-exchange fuel cell for mobility and stationary applications 399
- 13 Hydrogen safety, state of the art, perspectives, risk assessment, and engineering solutions 433
- 14 Hydrogen applications in ENI: from Industrial applications to power generation 451
- 15 Hydrogen for mobility 467
- 16 Hydrogen distribution infrastructure 491
- 17 Power to gas to fuel – P2G2F® 511
- Conclusions and Recommendations: “The Future of Hydrogen” 535
- Index 543
