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2. Image Acquisition

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Volume 1 Image Processing
This chapter is in the book Volume 1 Image Processing
2 Image AcquisitionImage acquisition is the initial step used by computers and electronic equipment toform and treat images. Images reflect the objective world in space, time, and otherproperties. Therefore, image acquisition captures the spatial, temporal, and otherinformation from a scene.The sections of this chapter will be arranged as follows:Section 2.1 introduces several camera imaging models (including few approximateprojection models), from simple to complex and from special to general.Section 2.2 describes some binocular imaging modes, including binocular transversalmode, binocular converging mode, and binocular axial mode.Section 2.3 discusses some basic concepts of photometry, and then introduces a basicbrightness imaging model.Section 2.4 focuses on the sampling and quantization in image acquisition, as well asspatial resolution and amplitude resolution of images.2.1 Spatial Relationship in Image FormationSpatial relationshipplays an important role in image acquisition. It relates andconverts the spatial and temporal information in a scene to the captured image.2.1.1 Coordinate SystemInimage acquisition, the camera is used to make a perspective projection of the 3-Dscene of the objective world onto the 2-D image plane. The projection, from the spacepoint of view, can be described by imaging transformation (also known as geometricalperspective transformation or perspective transformation). Imaging transformationinvolves the conversion between different spatial coordinate systems. In considera-tion that the end result of the image acquisition is to obtain digital images being inputinto the computer, the imaging coordinate systems involved in imaging scene of 3-Dspace include the following four coordinate systems.2.1.1.1 World Coordinate SystemWorld coordinate systemis also known as the real-world coordinate systemXYZ,which represents the absolute coordinates of the objective world (it is also calledobjective coordinate system). General 3-D scenes are using this coordinate system forrepresentation.2.1.1.2 Camera Coordinate SystemCamera coordinate systemis the coordinate systemxyz, which is developed bytaking the camera as center (origin) and the camera optical axis aszaxis.DOI 10.1515/9783110524116-002
© 2017 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Munich/Boston

2 Image AcquisitionImage acquisition is the initial step used by computers and electronic equipment toform and treat images. Images reflect the objective world in space, time, and otherproperties. Therefore, image acquisition captures the spatial, temporal, and otherinformation from a scene.The sections of this chapter will be arranged as follows:Section 2.1 introduces several camera imaging models (including few approximateprojection models), from simple to complex and from special to general.Section 2.2 describes some binocular imaging modes, including binocular transversalmode, binocular converging mode, and binocular axial mode.Section 2.3 discusses some basic concepts of photometry, and then introduces a basicbrightness imaging model.Section 2.4 focuses on the sampling and quantization in image acquisition, as well asspatial resolution and amplitude resolution of images.2.1 Spatial Relationship in Image FormationSpatial relationshipplays an important role in image acquisition. It relates andconverts the spatial and temporal information in a scene to the captured image.2.1.1 Coordinate SystemInimage acquisition, the camera is used to make a perspective projection of the 3-Dscene of the objective world onto the 2-D image plane. The projection, from the spacepoint of view, can be described by imaging transformation (also known as geometricalperspective transformation or perspective transformation). Imaging transformationinvolves the conversion between different spatial coordinate systems. In considera-tion that the end result of the image acquisition is to obtain digital images being inputinto the computer, the imaging coordinate systems involved in imaging scene of 3-Dspace include the following four coordinate systems.2.1.1.1 World Coordinate SystemWorld coordinate systemis also known as the real-world coordinate systemXYZ,which represents the absolute coordinates of the objective world (it is also calledobjective coordinate system). General 3-D scenes are using this coordinate system forrepresentation.2.1.1.2 Camera Coordinate SystemCamera coordinate systemis the coordinate systemxyz, which is developed bytaking the camera as center (origin) and the camera optical axis aszaxis.DOI 10.1515/9783110524116-002
© 2017 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Munich/Boston

Chapters in this book

  1. Frontmatter I
  2. Preface V
  3. Contents VII
  4. 1. Introduction to Image Processing 1
  5. 2. Image Acquisition 29
  6. 3. Image Enhancement 62
  7. 4. Image Restoration 97
  8. 5. Image Reconstruction from Projections 135
  9. 6. ImageCoding 170
  10. 7. Image Watermarking 205
  11. 8. Color Image Processing 236
  12. Answers to Selected Problems and Questions 267
  13. References 271
  14. Index 279
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https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110524116-002

Chapters in this book

  1. Frontmatter I
  2. Preface V
  3. Contents VII
  4. 1. Introduction to Image Processing 1
  5. 2. Image Acquisition 29
  6. 3. Image Enhancement 62
  7. 4. Image Restoration 97
  8. 5. Image Reconstruction from Projections 135
  9. 6. ImageCoding 170
  10. 7. Image Watermarking 205
  11. 8. Color Image Processing 236
  12. Answers to Selected Problems and Questions 267
  13. References 271
  14. Index 279
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