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3. Gender

  • Elizabeth A. Bohls
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Handbook of British Travel Writing
This chapter is in the book Handbook of British Travel Writing

Abstract

Travel is marked by gender as well as by race, class, and nation, of which gender is perhaps the most distinctive category in travel writing. The journey is often conceptualized in opposition to home as point of origin and return, presided over by a wife and mother. Despite this ideological gendering of home as feminine and travel as masculine, women have always traveled. This chapter will examine historically specific examples of the gendering of travel and its effects on British travel writing over the centuries, starting with the pilgrim Margery Kempe, who faced condemnation and arrest in the 1400s. Seventeenth- and eighteenth-century women circulated their travel writing informally; many who published justified their travel in gendered ways. Travel writing’s connection to colonialism appears in works by white British women of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. Women of color who traveled and wrote include enslaved traveler Mary Prince and Crimean War nurse Mary Seacole. Contemporary women travel writers still negotiate stereotypes, as Robyn Davidson’s Tracks and its film adaptation illustrate.

Abstract

Travel is marked by gender as well as by race, class, and nation, of which gender is perhaps the most distinctive category in travel writing. The journey is often conceptualized in opposition to home as point of origin and return, presided over by a wife and mother. Despite this ideological gendering of home as feminine and travel as masculine, women have always traveled. This chapter will examine historically specific examples of the gendering of travel and its effects on British travel writing over the centuries, starting with the pilgrim Margery Kempe, who faced condemnation and arrest in the 1400s. Seventeenth- and eighteenth-century women circulated their travel writing informally; many who published justified their travel in gendered ways. Travel writing’s connection to colonialism appears in works by white British women of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. Women of color who traveled and wrote include enslaved traveler Mary Prince and Crimean War nurse Mary Seacole. Contemporary women travel writers still negotiate stereotypes, as Robyn Davidson’s Tracks and its film adaptation illustrate.

Chapters in this book

  1. Frontmatter I
  2. Editors’ Preface V
  3. Contents VII
  4. 0. Introduction 1
  5. Part I: Systematic Questions
  6. 1. Periods of Travel Writing 11
  7. 2. Discourses of Travel Writing 31
  8. 3. Gender 55
  9. 4. Travel Writing and Translation 79
  10. 5. Practices and Purposes 95
  11. 6. Intertextual Travel Writing 113
  12. 7. The Market for Travel Writing 125
  13. Part II: Close Readings
  14. 8. Walter Ralegh, The Discoverie of the Large, Rich, and Bewtiful Empyre of Guiana (1596) 145
  15. 9. Daniel Defoe, Robinson Crusoe (1719) and Tour Thro’ The Whole Island of Great Britain (1724–1727) 161
  16. 10. Samuel Johnson, A Voyage to Abyssinia (1735) 181
  17. 11. Thomas Pennant, Selected Works (1754–1804) 199
  18. 12. Lady Mary Wortley Montagu, The Turkish Embassy Letters (1763) 213
  19. 13. James Boswell, Journals and Letters from his Grand Tour (1764–1765) 231
  20. 14. James Cook and George Forster, Journals and Travel Reports from Their “Voyage Round the World” (1777) 247
  21. 15. Mary Wollstonecraft, Letters Written during a Short Residence in Sweden, Norway, and Denmark (1796) 267
  22. 16. Mariana Starke, Letters from Italy (1800) 297
  23. 17. Maria Graham, Travel Writing on India, Italy, Brazil, and Chile (1812–1824) 313
  24. 18. Lord Byron, Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage (1812–1818) 335
  25. 19. Anna Jameson, Selected Works (1826–1859) 357
  26. 20. Charles Darwin, The Voyage of the Beagle (1839) 373
  27. 21. Isabella Bird, Selected Works (1856–1899) 397
  28. 22. Mary Kingsley, Travels in West Africa (1897) and West African Studies (1899) 411
  29. 23. Vita Sackville-West, Selected Works (1926, 1928) 433
  30. 24. Robert Byron, The Road to Oxiana (1937) 449
  31. 25. Freya Stark, Selected Works (1938–1988) 467
  32. 26. W. H. Auden, Journey to a War (1939) 485
  33. 27. V. S. Naipaul, Selected Works (1962–1998) 501
  34. 28. Dervla Murphy, Selected Works (1965–2015) 515
  35. 29. William Dalrymple, Selected Works (1989–1997) 535
  36. 30. Nicholas Crane, Two Degrees West (1999) and Great British Journeys (2007) 555
  37. 31. Robert Macfarlane, The Wild Places (2007) 575
  38. Index of Names and Works 595
  39. Index of Subjects and Places 609
  40. List of Contributors 617
https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110498974-004

Chapters in this book

  1. Frontmatter I
  2. Editors’ Preface V
  3. Contents VII
  4. 0. Introduction 1
  5. Part I: Systematic Questions
  6. 1. Periods of Travel Writing 11
  7. 2. Discourses of Travel Writing 31
  8. 3. Gender 55
  9. 4. Travel Writing and Translation 79
  10. 5. Practices and Purposes 95
  11. 6. Intertextual Travel Writing 113
  12. 7. The Market for Travel Writing 125
  13. Part II: Close Readings
  14. 8. Walter Ralegh, The Discoverie of the Large, Rich, and Bewtiful Empyre of Guiana (1596) 145
  15. 9. Daniel Defoe, Robinson Crusoe (1719) and Tour Thro’ The Whole Island of Great Britain (1724–1727) 161
  16. 10. Samuel Johnson, A Voyage to Abyssinia (1735) 181
  17. 11. Thomas Pennant, Selected Works (1754–1804) 199
  18. 12. Lady Mary Wortley Montagu, The Turkish Embassy Letters (1763) 213
  19. 13. James Boswell, Journals and Letters from his Grand Tour (1764–1765) 231
  20. 14. James Cook and George Forster, Journals and Travel Reports from Their “Voyage Round the World” (1777) 247
  21. 15. Mary Wollstonecraft, Letters Written during a Short Residence in Sweden, Norway, and Denmark (1796) 267
  22. 16. Mariana Starke, Letters from Italy (1800) 297
  23. 17. Maria Graham, Travel Writing on India, Italy, Brazil, and Chile (1812–1824) 313
  24. 18. Lord Byron, Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage (1812–1818) 335
  25. 19. Anna Jameson, Selected Works (1826–1859) 357
  26. 20. Charles Darwin, The Voyage of the Beagle (1839) 373
  27. 21. Isabella Bird, Selected Works (1856–1899) 397
  28. 22. Mary Kingsley, Travels in West Africa (1897) and West African Studies (1899) 411
  29. 23. Vita Sackville-West, Selected Works (1926, 1928) 433
  30. 24. Robert Byron, The Road to Oxiana (1937) 449
  31. 25. Freya Stark, Selected Works (1938–1988) 467
  32. 26. W. H. Auden, Journey to a War (1939) 485
  33. 27. V. S. Naipaul, Selected Works (1962–1998) 501
  34. 28. Dervla Murphy, Selected Works (1965–2015) 515
  35. 29. William Dalrymple, Selected Works (1989–1997) 535
  36. 30. Nicholas Crane, Two Degrees West (1999) and Great British Journeys (2007) 555
  37. 31. Robert Macfarlane, The Wild Places (2007) 575
  38. Index of Names and Works 595
  39. Index of Subjects and Places 609
  40. List of Contributors 617
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