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Appendix 3b: Lexical data

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Volume 1 The Mouton Atlas of Languages and Cultures, 1
This chapter is in the book Volume 1 The Mouton Atlas of Languages and Cultures, 1
Appendix 3b: Lexical dataThis appendix gives the lexical data discussed and analyzed in chapter 6. Lexemes are organized first by languagefamily, then by language, and thereupon by lexical concept (the two latter in alphabetical order). The next level isetymological lemmata, which are organized by their Top node, which has a label (representing the legend text oflexical maps) and a unique ID, which represent the stub of the etymological trees of the database. Thereuponfollow the etymologically connected words in languages (by alphabetical order; note that the tree structure ofderivations of the database is not visible). Lexemes are organized as follows (fields are distinguished by semi-colon): The language name; the transcribed form of the lexeme of the database; the grammar data (adjective, verb,etc, for abbreviations see Abbreviations); the full set of meanings; the semantic coding for filtering (1 = inherited,core meaning, 2 = loan, core meaning, 3 = inherited, extended/ secondary/ colexified meaning, 4 = loan, extend-ed/ secondary/ colexified meaning, 0 = changed meaning or proto-language form); information if the word is aloanword (Loan); source language for loans; the unique lexeme ID of the database DiACL. Ukranian and Belorussianforms, which are in the maps, are not included here. In the lemma, we give several variants of reconstructed forms;our preferred reconstruction is in the lemma header. In Caucasian families, most etymologies are connected at theroot. The lemma header gives the Proto-Kartvelian reconstruction followed by etc.(Family;Word List Item [a–z];Top Node Explanation [legend order] (Top Node Lexeme ID); Language Name [a–z];Word Transcription; Grammatical Data; Word Meaning; ArcMap Prio; Reliability; Source Language; (Lexeme ID).)Indo-EuropeanapplePIE *h₂eb-ōl- ‘apple’ (75287)Breton; aval; m; apple; 1; –; –; (75386).Bulgarian; jábălka; f; apple, apple-tree; 1; –; –;(75459).Bulgarian; jáblo; n; apple; 1; –; –; (75451).Bulgarian; jábol; m; apple; 1; –; –; (75455).Cornish; aval; m; apple; 1; –; –; (75398).Croatian; jȁbuka; f; apple, apple-tree; 1; –; –;(75441).Czech; jablko; n; apple; 1; –; –; (75409).Czech; jablo; n; apple; 1; –; –; (75405).Danish; æble; n; apple; 1; –; –; (75341).Dutch; appel; c; apple; 1; –; –; (75297).Elfdalian; eppel; n; apple; 1; –; –; (75366).English; apple; –; the round firm fleshy fruit ofthe Rosaceous tree Pyrus malus; 1; –; –;(75307).Faroese; epli, epl; n; potato; apple; 3; –; –;(75361).Gaulish; avallo; –; apple; 1; –; –; (75401).German; Apfel; m; apple; 1; –; –; (75288).Icelandic; epli; n; apple; 1; –; –; (75356).Irish; úll; m; apple; 1; –; –; (75372).Latvian; âbuõls, âbuls, âbuolis; m; apple; clover;1; –; –; (75469).Lithuanian; obuolỹs; m; apple; 1; –; –; (75472).Middle Breton; aval; –; apple; 1; –; –; (75387).Middle Dutch; appel; m; apple; 1; –; –; (75298).Middle English; appel; –; apple; 1; –; –; (75308).Middle High German; apfel; m; apple; 1; –; –;(75289).Middle Low German; appel; m; apple; 1; –; –;(75294).Norwegian (Bokmål); eple; n; apple; 1; –; –;(75346).Norwegian (Nynorsk); eple; n; apple; 1; –; –;(75351).https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110367416-015Old Breton; abal; –; apple; 1; –; –; (75388).Old Church Slavonic; ablъko; n; apple; 1; –; –;(75464).Old English; æpl, appel; m; apple; 1; –; –;(75309).Old Frisian; appel; m; apple; 1; –; –; (75319).Old High German; apful, apfel; m; apple; 1; –; –;(75290).Old Irish; ubull, uball; n,m; apple; 1; –; –;(75373).Old Norse; epli; n; apple; 1; –; –; (75326).Old Polish; jabɫo; n; apple; 1; –; –; (75414).Old Prussian; wabelcke; –; apple; 1; –; –;(75482).Old Prussian; wobalne; f; apple tree; 0; –; –;(75478).Old Prussian; wobilis; –; clover; 0; –; –; (75483).Old Prussian; woble; f; apple; 1; –; –; (75475).Old Saxon; appul; m; apple; 1; –; –; (75304).Old Swedish; æple; n; apple; 1; –; –; (75330).Polish; jabɫko; n; apple; 1; –; –; (75418).Proto-Balto-Slavic; *aʔb-ō-l-s, *aʔb-l-o; –; –; 0; –;–; (75407).Proto-Celtic; *abalo-; –; apple; 0; –; –; (75374).Proto-Germanic; *apla-; m; apple; 0; –; –;(75295).Proto-Indo-European; *h₂éb-ol-; –; –; 0; –; –;(75329).Proto-Indo-European; *h₂eb-ōl-, *h₂eb-l-; –; –; 0;–; –; (75408).Proto-Indo-European; *h₂eph₃ol-; –; apple; 0; –;–; (75375).Proto-North-Germanic; *apalja-, *aplja-; –; apple;0; –; –; (75327).Proto-Slavic; *àblo, *àblъ; n,m; apple; 0; –; –;(75406).Proto-Slavic; *àblъko, *àblъka, *àblъkъ; n,f,m;apple; 0; –; –; (75410).Russian; jábloko; n; apple; 1; –; –; (75423).
© 2019 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Munich/Boston

Appendix 3b: Lexical dataThis appendix gives the lexical data discussed and analyzed in chapter 6. Lexemes are organized first by languagefamily, then by language, and thereupon by lexical concept (the two latter in alphabetical order). The next level isetymological lemmata, which are organized by their Top node, which has a label (representing the legend text oflexical maps) and a unique ID, which represent the stub of the etymological trees of the database. Thereuponfollow the etymologically connected words in languages (by alphabetical order; note that the tree structure ofderivations of the database is not visible). Lexemes are organized as follows (fields are distinguished by semi-colon): The language name; the transcribed form of the lexeme of the database; the grammar data (adjective, verb,etc, for abbreviations see Abbreviations); the full set of meanings; the semantic coding for filtering (1 = inherited,core meaning, 2 = loan, core meaning, 3 = inherited, extended/ secondary/ colexified meaning, 4 = loan, extend-ed/ secondary/ colexified meaning, 0 = changed meaning or proto-language form); information if the word is aloanword (Loan); source language for loans; the unique lexeme ID of the database DiACL. Ukranian and Belorussianforms, which are in the maps, are not included here. In the lemma, we give several variants of reconstructed forms;our preferred reconstruction is in the lemma header. In Caucasian families, most etymologies are connected at theroot. The lemma header gives the Proto-Kartvelian reconstruction followed by etc.(Family;Word List Item [a–z];Top Node Explanation [legend order] (Top Node Lexeme ID); Language Name [a–z];Word Transcription; Grammatical Data; Word Meaning; ArcMap Prio; Reliability; Source Language; (Lexeme ID).)Indo-EuropeanapplePIE *h₂eb-ōl- ‘apple’ (75287)Breton; aval; m; apple; 1; –; –; (75386).Bulgarian; jábălka; f; apple, apple-tree; 1; –; –;(75459).Bulgarian; jáblo; n; apple; 1; –; –; (75451).Bulgarian; jábol; m; apple; 1; –; –; (75455).Cornish; aval; m; apple; 1; –; –; (75398).Croatian; jȁbuka; f; apple, apple-tree; 1; –; –;(75441).Czech; jablko; n; apple; 1; –; –; (75409).Czech; jablo; n; apple; 1; –; –; (75405).Danish; æble; n; apple; 1; –; –; (75341).Dutch; appel; c; apple; 1; –; –; (75297).Elfdalian; eppel; n; apple; 1; –; –; (75366).English; apple; –; the round firm fleshy fruit ofthe Rosaceous tree Pyrus malus; 1; –; –;(75307).Faroese; epli, epl; n; potato; apple; 3; –; –;(75361).Gaulish; avallo; –; apple; 1; –; –; (75401).German; Apfel; m; apple; 1; –; –; (75288).Icelandic; epli; n; apple; 1; –; –; (75356).Irish; úll; m; apple; 1; –; –; (75372).Latvian; âbuõls, âbuls, âbuolis; m; apple; clover;1; –; –; (75469).Lithuanian; obuolỹs; m; apple; 1; –; –; (75472).Middle Breton; aval; –; apple; 1; –; –; (75387).Middle Dutch; appel; m; apple; 1; –; –; (75298).Middle English; appel; –; apple; 1; –; –; (75308).Middle High German; apfel; m; apple; 1; –; –;(75289).Middle Low German; appel; m; apple; 1; –; –;(75294).Norwegian (Bokmål); eple; n; apple; 1; –; –;(75346).Norwegian (Nynorsk); eple; n; apple; 1; –; –;(75351).https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110367416-015Old Breton; abal; –; apple; 1; –; –; (75388).Old Church Slavonic; ablъko; n; apple; 1; –; –;(75464).Old English; æpl, appel; m; apple; 1; –; –;(75309).Old Frisian; appel; m; apple; 1; –; –; (75319).Old High German; apful, apfel; m; apple; 1; –; –;(75290).Old Irish; ubull, uball; n,m; apple; 1; –; –;(75373).Old Norse; epli; n; apple; 1; –; –; (75326).Old Polish; jabɫo; n; apple; 1; –; –; (75414).Old Prussian; wabelcke; –; apple; 1; –; –;(75482).Old Prussian; wobalne; f; apple tree; 0; –; –;(75478).Old Prussian; wobilis; –; clover; 0; –; –; (75483).Old Prussian; woble; f; apple; 1; –; –; (75475).Old Saxon; appul; m; apple; 1; –; –; (75304).Old Swedish; æple; n; apple; 1; –; –; (75330).Polish; jabɫko; n; apple; 1; –; –; (75418).Proto-Balto-Slavic; *aʔb-ō-l-s, *aʔb-l-o; –; –; 0; –;–; (75407).Proto-Celtic; *abalo-; –; apple; 0; –; –; (75374).Proto-Germanic; *apla-; m; apple; 0; –; –;(75295).Proto-Indo-European; *h₂éb-ol-; –; –; 0; –; –;(75329).Proto-Indo-European; *h₂eb-ōl-, *h₂eb-l-; –; –; 0;–; –; (75408).Proto-Indo-European; *h₂eph₃ol-; –; apple; 0; –;–; (75375).Proto-North-Germanic; *apalja-, *aplja-; –; apple;0; –; –; (75327).Proto-Slavic; *àblo, *àblъ; n,m; apple; 0; –; –;(75406).Proto-Slavic; *àblъko, *àblъka, *àblъkъ; n,f,m;apple; 0; –; –; (75410).Russian; jábloko; n; apple; 1; –; –; (75423).
© 2019 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Munich/Boston

Chapters in this book

  1. Frontmatter i
  2. Preface v
  3. Contributors vii
  4. Funding and support viii
  5. Abbreviations ix
  6. Orthographic conventions for Caucasian languages xiv
  7. Overview of conventions xv
  8. Overview of tables xvii
  9. Overview of figures xix
  10. Overview of maps xxiii
  11. Overview of appendices xxvii
  12. Contents xxix
  13. 1. Introduction 1
  14. 2. Theoretical backdrop: words, things, and humans in their environment 14
  15. 3. Language: classification, reconstruction, and principles of change 17
  16. 4. Description of the database Diachronic Atlas of Comparative Linguistics 23
  17. 5. Atlas: Grammar 27
  18. 6. Atlas: Lexicon 179
  19. 7. Concluding chapter: an integrated view of the linguistic and cultural histories of Eurasia 378
  20. Literature 387
  21. Appendix 1: Languages of the current atlas 401
  22. Appendix 2a: Grammar: Features, complete list (from DiACL) 405
  23. Appendix 2b: Grammar: State combinations 411
  24. Appendix 2c: Grammar: State combinations in languages 414
  25. Appendix 2d: Grammar: Solutions 1–10 by Structure 426
  26. Appendix 3a: Lexicon: list of concepts, coverage by family 430
  27. Appendix 3b: Lexical data 433
  28. Appendix 3c: Lexical data: statistics 695
  29. Appendix 3d: Lexicon: Source language data, flow map 703
  30. Appendix 4a: Language consultants 705
  31. Appendix 4b: Literary sources 707
  32. Appendix 4c: Geographical sources 719
  33. Map Credits 720
  34. Index 723
Readers are also interested in:
https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110367416-015

Chapters in this book

  1. Frontmatter i
  2. Preface v
  3. Contributors vii
  4. Funding and support viii
  5. Abbreviations ix
  6. Orthographic conventions for Caucasian languages xiv
  7. Overview of conventions xv
  8. Overview of tables xvii
  9. Overview of figures xix
  10. Overview of maps xxiii
  11. Overview of appendices xxvii
  12. Contents xxix
  13. 1. Introduction 1
  14. 2. Theoretical backdrop: words, things, and humans in their environment 14
  15. 3. Language: classification, reconstruction, and principles of change 17
  16. 4. Description of the database Diachronic Atlas of Comparative Linguistics 23
  17. 5. Atlas: Grammar 27
  18. 6. Atlas: Lexicon 179
  19. 7. Concluding chapter: an integrated view of the linguistic and cultural histories of Eurasia 378
  20. Literature 387
  21. Appendix 1: Languages of the current atlas 401
  22. Appendix 2a: Grammar: Features, complete list (from DiACL) 405
  23. Appendix 2b: Grammar: State combinations 411
  24. Appendix 2c: Grammar: State combinations in languages 414
  25. Appendix 2d: Grammar: Solutions 1–10 by Structure 426
  26. Appendix 3a: Lexicon: list of concepts, coverage by family 430
  27. Appendix 3b: Lexical data 433
  28. Appendix 3c: Lexical data: statistics 695
  29. Appendix 3d: Lexicon: Source language data, flow map 703
  30. Appendix 4a: Language consultants 705
  31. Appendix 4b: Literary sources 707
  32. Appendix 4c: Geographical sources 719
  33. Map Credits 720
  34. Index 723
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