The Pilgrims of Freedom

Chapters in this book

1. Frontmatter i
2. Contents vii
3. List of Tables, Figures, and Illustrations ix
4. Acknowledgments xiii
5. 1 Introduction: Portrait of a Commuter Nation 1
6. 2 The Colonial Experience
7. Introduction 11
8. The Beginnings of Spanish Colonial Rule 14
9. The African Heritage 15
10. The Strategic but Neglected Spanish Colony 18
11. 3 Migrations Before World War II
12. Introduction 27
13. The Pilgrims of Freedom 29
14. The “Splendid Little War” 35
15. The Beginnings of Labor Migration 41
16. Migration to Hawaii 50
17. The Growth of the New York Community 54
18. The Poverty-Stricken Island 57
19. Between Reform and Revolution 60
20. From the Steamship Embarcados to the Transnational Guagua Aérea 69
21. 4 Postwar Migration Patterns
22. Introduction 75
23. The Growing Geographic Dispersion 85
24. The Urban Character of the Communities 92
25. A Tale of Three Cities: New York City, Hartford, and Orlando 98
26. Other Migration Destinations 101
27. Conceptualizing Puerto Rican Migration 103
28. 5 A Demographic Portrait
29. Introduction 107
30. Overcoming Poverty 126
31. Differences Among Communities 137
32. 6 Social and Civil Rights Struggles
33. Introduction 147
34. Political and Educational Activism 150
35. Other Community Organizations 163
36. Cultural Citizenship 165
37. 7 Voices and Images of the Diaspora
38. Introduction 169
39. The Spanish-Language Press 170
40. A New Cultural Discourse 184
41. Growing-Up Narratives 195
42. The Role of Small Latino Presses 198
43. Performing Culture 199
44. Popular Music 202
45. The Visual Arts 207
46. Cultural Crossovers 216
47. 8 Overcoming the Colonial Experience: Future Challenges 219
48. Brief Chronology of Puerto Rican History 231
49. References 239
50. Index 253
51. About the Book 271