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The Road to Armageddon
This chapter is in the book The Road to Armageddon
431NotesINTRODUCTION1 Tulio Halperín Donghi, The Aftermath of Revolution in Latin America (New York, 1973).2 Cecilio Báez, La tiranía en el Paraguay (Asunción, 1993); Cecilio Báez, Ensayo sobre el doctor Francia y la dictadura en Sudamérica (Asunción, 1996); Efraím Cardozo, El senti-do de nuestra historia (Asunción, 1953).3 Julio César Chaves, El supremo dictador, Biografía de José Gaspar de Francia (Madrid, 1964); Julio César Chaves, El presidente López (Buenos Aires, 1968).4 Paraguayan historiography of the war has traditionally been divided into Lopista and Anti-Lopista camps. Though the dichotomy would seem to have grown stale long ago, it is still adhered to by many. Among the most significant Lopista works are Juan E. O’Leary, El héroe del Paraguay (Montevideo, 1930); El mariscal Solano López (Asun-ción, 1970); El libro de los héroes (Asunción, 1970); Arturo Bray, Solano López. Soldado de la gloria y el infortunio (Asunción and Buenos Aires, 1958); Carlos Pereyra, Francisco Solano López y la guerra del Paraguay (Buenos Aires, 1953); and Natalício González, Solano López y otros ensayos (Paris, 1926). The most noteworthy Anti-Lopista works include Héctor Decoud, Sobre los escombros de la guerra: una década de vida nacional, 1869–1880 (Asunción, 1925); La masacre de Concepción ordenada por el mariscal López(Asunción, 1926); Cecilio Báez, La tiranía; and Jacinto V. Vicencio, Dictadura del maris-cal López (Buenos Aires, 1874).5 By the end of the 1840s, merchants in Buenos Aires, Montevideo, and Rio de Janeiro were all pressuring their respective governments to at least investigate better commercial and diplomatic relations with the “famed fairy-land of Paraguay, so long guarded by that wondrous ogre, Francia.” See William Hadfield, Brazil, the River Plate, and the Falkland Islands (London, 1854), 305, and more generally, Thomas L. Whigham, The Politics of River Trade. Tradition and Development in the Upper Plata, 1780–1870 (Albuquerque, 19 91), 3 0 –79.6 Pablo Max Ynsfrán, La expedición norteamericana contra el Paraguay, 2 vols. (Mexi-co City and Buenos Aires, 1954–1958); Thomas Jefferson Page, La Plata, the Argentine Confederation, and Paraguay (New York, 1859), 271–287; Manuel Peña Villamil, Historia de la diplomacia y las relaciones internacionales (Asunción, 2000), 297– 304; Peter A. Schmitt, Paraguay und Europa. Die diplomatischen Beziehungen unter Carlos Antonio López und Francisco Solano López (Berlin, 1963), 89–237.
© Thomas L. Whigham

431NotesINTRODUCTION1 Tulio Halperín Donghi, The Aftermath of Revolution in Latin America (New York, 1973).2 Cecilio Báez, La tiranía en el Paraguay (Asunción, 1993); Cecilio Báez, Ensayo sobre el doctor Francia y la dictadura en Sudamérica (Asunción, 1996); Efraím Cardozo, El senti-do de nuestra historia (Asunción, 1953).3 Julio César Chaves, El supremo dictador, Biografía de José Gaspar de Francia (Madrid, 1964); Julio César Chaves, El presidente López (Buenos Aires, 1968).4 Paraguayan historiography of the war has traditionally been divided into Lopista and Anti-Lopista camps. Though the dichotomy would seem to have grown stale long ago, it is still adhered to by many. Among the most significant Lopista works are Juan E. O’Leary, El héroe del Paraguay (Montevideo, 1930); El mariscal Solano López (Asun-ción, 1970); El libro de los héroes (Asunción, 1970); Arturo Bray, Solano López. Soldado de la gloria y el infortunio (Asunción and Buenos Aires, 1958); Carlos Pereyra, Francisco Solano López y la guerra del Paraguay (Buenos Aires, 1953); and Natalício González, Solano López y otros ensayos (Paris, 1926). The most noteworthy Anti-Lopista works include Héctor Decoud, Sobre los escombros de la guerra: una década de vida nacional, 1869–1880 (Asunción, 1925); La masacre de Concepción ordenada por el mariscal López(Asunción, 1926); Cecilio Báez, La tiranía; and Jacinto V. Vicencio, Dictadura del maris-cal López (Buenos Aires, 1874).5 By the end of the 1840s, merchants in Buenos Aires, Montevideo, and Rio de Janeiro were all pressuring their respective governments to at least investigate better commercial and diplomatic relations with the “famed fairy-land of Paraguay, so long guarded by that wondrous ogre, Francia.” See William Hadfield, Brazil, the River Plate, and the Falkland Islands (London, 1854), 305, and more generally, Thomas L. Whigham, The Politics of River Trade. Tradition and Development in the Upper Plata, 1780–1870 (Albuquerque, 19 91), 3 0 –79.6 Pablo Max Ynsfrán, La expedición norteamericana contra el Paraguay, 2 vols. (Mexi-co City and Buenos Aires, 1954–1958); Thomas Jefferson Page, La Plata, the Argentine Confederation, and Paraguay (New York, 1859), 271–287; Manuel Peña Villamil, Historia de la diplomacia y las relaciones internacionales (Asunción, 2000), 297– 304; Peter A. Schmitt, Paraguay und Europa. Die diplomatischen Beziehungen unter Carlos Antonio López und Francisco Solano López (Berlin, 1963), 89–237.
© Thomas L. Whigham

Chapters in this book

  1. Front Matter i
  2. Table of Contents xv
  3. Acknowledgments xvii
  4. Abbreviations xix
  5. Illustrations xxi
  6. Introduction 1
  7. The Armies Invade 15
  8. Vast Fields of Death 43
  9. A March Through the Swamps 69
  10. Risks and Setbacks 91
  11. The Allies Stumble 119
  12. And Innovations Limitations 149
  13. The Ongoing Resistance 177
  14. The Cost of Endurance 205
  15. A Cruel Attrition 233
  16. The Nation Consumes its Own 257
  17. Bleeding, Drop by Drop 277
  18. The December Campaign 299
  19. Another Pause 323
  20. Resistance to no Avail 349
  21. The New Paraguay and the Old 373
  22. The End of it 391
  23. Epilogue 417
  24. Notes 431
  25. Glossary 583
  26. Bibliography 589
  27. Index 621
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https://doi.org/10.1515/9781552388112-022

Chapters in this book

  1. Front Matter i
  2. Table of Contents xv
  3. Acknowledgments xvii
  4. Abbreviations xix
  5. Illustrations xxi
  6. Introduction 1
  7. The Armies Invade 15
  8. Vast Fields of Death 43
  9. A March Through the Swamps 69
  10. Risks and Setbacks 91
  11. The Allies Stumble 119
  12. And Innovations Limitations 149
  13. The Ongoing Resistance 177
  14. The Cost of Endurance 205
  15. A Cruel Attrition 233
  16. The Nation Consumes its Own 257
  17. Bleeding, Drop by Drop 277
  18. The December Campaign 299
  19. Another Pause 323
  20. Resistance to no Avail 349
  21. The New Paraguay and the Old 373
  22. The End of it 391
  23. Epilogue 417
  24. Notes 431
  25. Glossary 583
  26. Bibliography 589
  27. Index 621
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