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Spenser and Some Pictorial Conventions: With Particular Reference to Illuminated Manuscripts (1940)

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Essays by Rosemond Tuve
This chapter is in the book Essays by Rosemond Tuve
£)fen$ev αη& ^ome WITH PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO ILLUMINATED MANUSCRIPTS * HIS article will treat of certain figures which receive mark­edly pictorial descriptive treatment in Spenser, and of certain figures which he uses almost as descriptive "counters," flashing a picture of them before us for associative (or decorative) purposes, much as modern film technique uses "symbolic" insets. It will de­scribe the form in which such figures appear in actual picture, in texts which it is either certain or highly likely that Spenser read. I think that pictures helped form his conceptions. I shall not point to particular illustrations which he saw and copied; rather I shall show the character of a pictorial tradition which was vivid, rich, and available to him. One tries to read a poet's sources with con­tinuous attention to how they may have acted as spurs to his imag­ination, especially to his visual imagination and hence to his des­criptive power. And one must recognize that the reading of a text in such different forms as a "modern" French print, an early Eng­lish black-letter with woodcuts, or a fifteenth-century manuscript with illuminations, makes correspondingly different impressions; the variation in form almost constitutes a variation in the text it­self. We perhaps tend to forget that these differing forms were all of them accessible and familiar to the Elizabethan reader. Illumi­nated manuscripts particularly may seem to us difficult to come at; to the Elizabethan they were ordinary and available. A rich picto­rial tradition lay to Spenser's hand in these varying forms in which he could read his sources, and particularly in manuscripts, the least examined of them. And the points at which Spenser's de­scriptions relate themselves to this rich pictorial tradition are fre­quent and often most striking. The figures to be considered are conventional figures in book il­lustration. Not only is their very occurrence in manuscript illumi­nation traditional, but also certain recurrent details of their repre­sentation are fixed by tradition, i.e., there are two constants, con­vention enters in two ways. In the first place, the mention of such * Reprinted from Studies in Philology 37 (1940), 149-76. yDicfoviaC. (Conventions

£)fen$ev αη& ^ome WITH PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO ILLUMINATED MANUSCRIPTS * HIS article will treat of certain figures which receive mark­edly pictorial descriptive treatment in Spenser, and of certain figures which he uses almost as descriptive "counters," flashing a picture of them before us for associative (or decorative) purposes, much as modern film technique uses "symbolic" insets. It will de­scribe the form in which such figures appear in actual picture, in texts which it is either certain or highly likely that Spenser read. I think that pictures helped form his conceptions. I shall not point to particular illustrations which he saw and copied; rather I shall show the character of a pictorial tradition which was vivid, rich, and available to him. One tries to read a poet's sources with con­tinuous attention to how they may have acted as spurs to his imag­ination, especially to his visual imagination and hence to his des­criptive power. And one must recognize that the reading of a text in such different forms as a "modern" French print, an early Eng­lish black-letter with woodcuts, or a fifteenth-century manuscript with illuminations, makes correspondingly different impressions; the variation in form almost constitutes a variation in the text it­self. We perhaps tend to forget that these differing forms were all of them accessible and familiar to the Elizabethan reader. Illumi­nated manuscripts particularly may seem to us difficult to come at; to the Elizabethan they were ordinary and available. A rich picto­rial tradition lay to Spenser's hand in these varying forms in which he could read his sources, and particularly in manuscripts, the least examined of them. And the points at which Spenser's de­scriptions relate themselves to this rich pictorial tradition are fre­quent and often most striking. The figures to be considered are conventional figures in book il­lustration. Not only is their very occurrence in manuscript illumi­nation traditional, but also certain recurrent details of their repre­sentation are fixed by tradition, i.e., there are two constants, con­vention enters in two ways. In the first place, the mention of such * Reprinted from Studies in Philology 37 (1940), 149-76. yDicfoviaC. (Conventions
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