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The Hungarians
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[PP. 8-20] Notes Chapter 1 "Heathen Barbarians" overrun Europe: Evidence from St Gallen 1. Johannes Duft, Die Ungarn in Sankt Gallen, Zurich 1957; J. Duft, A. Gossi and W. Vogler, Die Geschichte des Klosters St Gallen, 1986; Werner Vogler (ed.), Die Kultur der Abtei Sankt Gallen, Zurich 1993. 2. Balint Homan and Gyula Szekfli, Magyar Tortenet (Hungarian History—hereaf-ter Hung. Hist.), 5 vols, Budapest 1936: vol. 1, p. 92; Karl Szabo in Die Oster-reichisch-Ungarische Monarchie in Wort und Bild, 24 vols, vol. 1: Geschichte Ungarns, pp. 43-55. 3. Cf. V. Heuberger, A. Suppan and E. Vyslonzil (eds), Das Bild vom Anderen, Frankfurt/Main 1998, pp. 18,28ff. 4. Fernand Braudel (ed.), Europa—Bausteine seiner Geschichte, Frankfurt-Main 1989, p. 51. 5. Georges Duby, Europa im Mittelalter, Stuttgart 1986, pp. 9, 23. Chapter 2 Land Acquisition or Conquest? The Question of Hungarian Identity 1. Cf. Homan and Szekfu, Hung. Hist., op. cit., vol. 1, pp. 1—131; Gyorgy Gyorffy, Istvdn kirdly es muye (King Stephen and his work), Budapest 1977, pp. 15—54; Gyorgy Szekely and Antal Bartha, Magyarorszdg tortenete 10 vols, vol. 1: pp. 265— 575; Peter Hanak (ed.), Die Geschichte Ungarns, Essen 1988, pp. 1-29; C.A. Macartney, Hungary: A Short History, Edinburgh, 1971, p. 7; Pal Engel, Magyarok Europdban. A kezdettol 1440-ig (Hungary in Europe. From the Beginnings to 1440), Budapest 1990. 2. Egon Friedell, Kulturgeschichte der Neuzeit, Munich 1996, p. 13. 3. Cf. Gyorgy Dalos, Mythen der Nationen, Berlin 1998, p. 531. 4. Herwig Wolfram, Die Geburt Mitteleuropas. Geschichte Osterreichs vor seiner Enstehung, 378-907, Berlin 1987. esp.pp. 311-75. 5. Cf. Gyorgy Gyorffy, A magyarok elddeirol es a honfoglalasrol. Kortarsak es kronikasok hiraddsai (About the Ancestors of the Hungarians and the Conquest—Accounts by Contemporaries and Chroniclers), Budapest 1986; Thomas von Bogyay, Grundzuge der ungarischen Geschichte, Darmstadt 1990, pp. 3—13; see also the dis-cussion in Historia, special issue about the Conquest (in Hung.), 1966/2. 6. Georg Stadtmiiller, Geschichtliche Ostkunde,vo\. 2, Vienna-Munich-Zurich 1963, p. 31. 508

[PP. 8-20] Notes Chapter 1 "Heathen Barbarians" overrun Europe: Evidence from St Gallen 1. Johannes Duft, Die Ungarn in Sankt Gallen, Zurich 1957; J. Duft, A. Gossi and W. Vogler, Die Geschichte des Klosters St Gallen, 1986; Werner Vogler (ed.), Die Kultur der Abtei Sankt Gallen, Zurich 1993. 2. Balint Homan and Gyula Szekfli, Magyar Tortenet (Hungarian History—hereaf-ter Hung. Hist.), 5 vols, Budapest 1936: vol. 1, p. 92; Karl Szabo in Die Oster-reichisch-Ungarische Monarchie in Wort und Bild, 24 vols, vol. 1: Geschichte Ungarns, pp. 43-55. 3. Cf. V. Heuberger, A. Suppan and E. Vyslonzil (eds), Das Bild vom Anderen, Frankfurt/Main 1998, pp. 18,28ff. 4. Fernand Braudel (ed.), Europa—Bausteine seiner Geschichte, Frankfurt-Main 1989, p. 51. 5. Georges Duby, Europa im Mittelalter, Stuttgart 1986, pp. 9, 23. Chapter 2 Land Acquisition or Conquest? The Question of Hungarian Identity 1. Cf. Homan and Szekfu, Hung. Hist., op. cit., vol. 1, pp. 1—131; Gyorgy Gyorffy, Istvdn kirdly es muye (King Stephen and his work), Budapest 1977, pp. 15—54; Gyorgy Szekely and Antal Bartha, Magyarorszdg tortenete 10 vols, vol. 1: pp. 265— 575; Peter Hanak (ed.), Die Geschichte Ungarns, Essen 1988, pp. 1-29; C.A. Macartney, Hungary: A Short History, Edinburgh, 1971, p. 7; Pal Engel, Magyarok Europdban. A kezdettol 1440-ig (Hungary in Europe. From the Beginnings to 1440), Budapest 1990. 2. Egon Friedell, Kulturgeschichte der Neuzeit, Munich 1996, p. 13. 3. Cf. Gyorgy Dalos, Mythen der Nationen, Berlin 1998, p. 531. 4. Herwig Wolfram, Die Geburt Mitteleuropas. Geschichte Osterreichs vor seiner Enstehung, 378-907, Berlin 1987. esp.pp. 311-75. 5. Cf. Gyorgy Gyorffy, A magyarok elddeirol es a honfoglalasrol. Kortarsak es kronikasok hiraddsai (About the Ancestors of the Hungarians and the Conquest—Accounts by Contemporaries and Chroniclers), Budapest 1986; Thomas von Bogyay, Grundzuge der ungarischen Geschichte, Darmstadt 1990, pp. 3—13; see also the dis-cussion in Historia, special issue about the Conquest (in Hung.), 1966/2. 6. Georg Stadtmiiller, Geschichtliche Ostkunde,vo\. 2, Vienna-Munich-Zurich 1963, p. 31. 508

Chapters in this book

  1. Frontmatter i
  2. Contents v
  3. Illustrations vii
  4. Maps x
  5. Foreword to the English Edition xi
  6. Introduction 1
  7. 1. "Heathen Barbarians" overrun Europe: Evidence from St Gallen 7
  8. 2. Land Acquisition or Conquest? The Question of Hungarian Identity 12
  9. 3. From Magyar Mayhem to the Christian Kingdom of the Arpads 27
  10. 4. The Struggle for Continuity and Freedom 38
  11. 5. The Mongol Invasion of 1241 and its Consequences 49
  12. 6. Hungary's Rise to Great Power Status under Foreign Kings 62
  13. 7. The Heroic Age of the Hunyadis and the Turkish Danger 75
  14. 8. The Long Road to the Catastrophe of Mohacs 86
  15. 9. The Disaster of Ottoman Rule 94
  16. 10. Transylvania—the Stronghold of Hungarian Sovereignty 106
  17. 11. Gabor Bethlen—Vassal, Patriot and European 114
  18. 12. Zrinyi or Zrinski? One Hero for Two Nations 126
  19. 13. The Rebel Leader Thokoly: Adventurer or Traitor? 137
  20. 14. Ferenc Rakoczi s Fight for Freedom from the Habsburgs 145
  21. 15. Myth and Historiography: an Idol through the Ages 155
  22. 16. Hungary in the Habsburg Shadow 160
  23. 17. The Fight against the "Hatted King" 177
  24. 18. Abbot Martinovics and the Jacobin Plot: a Secret Agent as Revolutionary Martyr 183
  25. 19. Count Istvan Szechenyi and the "Reform Era": Rise and Fall of the "Greatest Hungarian" 191
  26. 20. Lajos Kossuth and Sandor Petofi: Symbols of 1848 206
  27. 21. Victories, Defeat and Collapse: The Lost War of Independence, 1849 222
  28. 22. Kossuth the Hero versus "Judas" Gorgey: "Good" and "Bad" in Sacrificial Mythology 242
  29. 23. Who was Captain Gusev? Russian "Freedom Fighters" between Minsk and Budapest 260
  30. 24. Elisabeth, Andrassy and Bismarck: Austria and Hungary on the Road to Reconciliation 266
  31. 25. Victory in Defeat: The Compromise and the Consequences of Dualism 281
  32. 26. Total Blindness: The Hungarian Sense of Mission and the Nationalities 299
  33. 27. The "Golden Age" of the Millennium: Modernization with Drawbacks 310
  34. 28. "Magyar Jew or Jewish Magyar?" A Unique Symbiosis 329
  35. 29. "Will Hungary become German or Magyar?" The Germans' Peculiar Role 348
  36. 30. From the Great War to the "Dictatorship of Despair": the Red Count and Lenin's Agent 356
  37. 31. The Admiral on a White Horse: Trianon and the Death Knell of St Stephen s Realm 373
  38. 32. Adventurers, Counterfeiters, Claimants to the Throne: Hungary as Troublemaker in the Danube Basin 389
  39. 33. Marching in Step with Hitler: Triumph and Fall. From the Persecution of Jews to Mob Rule 406
  40. 34. Victory in Defeat: 1945-1990 427
  41. 35. ''Everyone is a Hungarian": Geniuses and Artists 466
  42. Summing-up 504
  43. Notes 508
  44. Significant Dates in Hungarian History 533
  45. Index 557
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https://doi.org/10.1515/9781400851522-041

Chapters in this book

  1. Frontmatter i
  2. Contents v
  3. Illustrations vii
  4. Maps x
  5. Foreword to the English Edition xi
  6. Introduction 1
  7. 1. "Heathen Barbarians" overrun Europe: Evidence from St Gallen 7
  8. 2. Land Acquisition or Conquest? The Question of Hungarian Identity 12
  9. 3. From Magyar Mayhem to the Christian Kingdom of the Arpads 27
  10. 4. The Struggle for Continuity and Freedom 38
  11. 5. The Mongol Invasion of 1241 and its Consequences 49
  12. 6. Hungary's Rise to Great Power Status under Foreign Kings 62
  13. 7. The Heroic Age of the Hunyadis and the Turkish Danger 75
  14. 8. The Long Road to the Catastrophe of Mohacs 86
  15. 9. The Disaster of Ottoman Rule 94
  16. 10. Transylvania—the Stronghold of Hungarian Sovereignty 106
  17. 11. Gabor Bethlen—Vassal, Patriot and European 114
  18. 12. Zrinyi or Zrinski? One Hero for Two Nations 126
  19. 13. The Rebel Leader Thokoly: Adventurer or Traitor? 137
  20. 14. Ferenc Rakoczi s Fight for Freedom from the Habsburgs 145
  21. 15. Myth and Historiography: an Idol through the Ages 155
  22. 16. Hungary in the Habsburg Shadow 160
  23. 17. The Fight against the "Hatted King" 177
  24. 18. Abbot Martinovics and the Jacobin Plot: a Secret Agent as Revolutionary Martyr 183
  25. 19. Count Istvan Szechenyi and the "Reform Era": Rise and Fall of the "Greatest Hungarian" 191
  26. 20. Lajos Kossuth and Sandor Petofi: Symbols of 1848 206
  27. 21. Victories, Defeat and Collapse: The Lost War of Independence, 1849 222
  28. 22. Kossuth the Hero versus "Judas" Gorgey: "Good" and "Bad" in Sacrificial Mythology 242
  29. 23. Who was Captain Gusev? Russian "Freedom Fighters" between Minsk and Budapest 260
  30. 24. Elisabeth, Andrassy and Bismarck: Austria and Hungary on the Road to Reconciliation 266
  31. 25. Victory in Defeat: The Compromise and the Consequences of Dualism 281
  32. 26. Total Blindness: The Hungarian Sense of Mission and the Nationalities 299
  33. 27. The "Golden Age" of the Millennium: Modernization with Drawbacks 310
  34. 28. "Magyar Jew or Jewish Magyar?" A Unique Symbiosis 329
  35. 29. "Will Hungary become German or Magyar?" The Germans' Peculiar Role 348
  36. 30. From the Great War to the "Dictatorship of Despair": the Red Count and Lenin's Agent 356
  37. 31. The Admiral on a White Horse: Trianon and the Death Knell of St Stephen s Realm 373
  38. 32. Adventurers, Counterfeiters, Claimants to the Throne: Hungary as Troublemaker in the Danube Basin 389
  39. 33. Marching in Step with Hitler: Triumph and Fall. From the Persecution of Jews to Mob Rule 406
  40. 34. Victory in Defeat: 1945-1990 427
  41. 35. ''Everyone is a Hungarian": Geniuses and Artists 466
  42. Summing-up 504
  43. Notes 508
  44. Significant Dates in Hungarian History 533
  45. Index 557
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