18 Notwithstanding Minority Rights: Rethinking Canada’s Notwithstanding Clause

Chapters in this book

1. Frontmatter i
2. Contents v
3. Acknowledgments ix
4. Introduction – Setting the Stage: Chekhov’s Gun Inverted 1
5. Part one . Genesis and Context 23
6. 1 An Historic Canadian Compromise: Forty Years after the Patriation of the Constitution, Should We Cheer a Little? 25
7. 2 The Evolving Debate over Section 33 of the Charter 49
8. Part two . Fundamentals
9. Introduction 67
10. 3 Key Foundations for the Notwithstanding Clause in Institutional Capacities, Democratic Participatory Values, and Dimensions of Canadian Identities 69
11. 4 The Notwithstanding Clause, the Operation of Legislation, and Judicial Review 93
12. Part three . Judicial Review
13. Introduction 109
14. 5 Legislative Choices in Using Section 33 and Judicial Scrutiny 111
15. 6 Judicial Declarations Notwithstanding the Use of the Notwithstanding Clause? A Response to a (Non-) Rejoinder 132
16. 7 Notwithstanding Judicial Review: Legal and Political Reasons Why Courts Cannot Review Laws Invoking Section 33 168
17. 8 Courts, Legislatures, and the Politics of Judicial Decision-Making (or Perhaps the Notwithstanding Clause Isn’t Such a Bad Thing after All) 184
18. Part Four . QueBec
19. Introduction 203
20. 9 The Notwithstanding Powers and Provisions: An Asset for Quebec and for Canada 205
21. 10 Bill 21 and Bill 96 in Light of a Distinctive Quebec Theory of the Notwithstanding Clause: A Distinct Approach for a Distinct Society and a Distinct Legal Tradition 231
22. 11 Quebec’s Bills 21 and 96: An Underwater Eruption 253
23. 12 The Rise and Fall of Liberal Constitutionalism in Quebec 271
24. Part Five . Legitimacy, Justification, Democracy
25. Introduction 287
26. 13 The Notwithstanding Clause, Bill 96, and Tyranny 290
27. 14 Are There Constitutional Limits on the Use of the Notwithstanding Clause? 309
28. 15 Notwithstanding v. Notwithstanding: Sections 28 and 33 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms 338
29. 16 Section 33, the Right to Vote, and Democratic Accountability 364
30. 17 The Text and the Ballot Box: Section 3, Section 33, and the Right to Cast an Informed Vote 381
31. 18 Notwithstanding Minority Rights: Rethinking Canada’s Notwithstanding Clause 401
32. 19 Detoxing Democracy: Exploring Motivation, Authority, and Power 419
33. Contributors 433
34. Index 439