Design and Performance Assessment of a Low Cost Evaporative Cooler for Storage of Camel Milk in Arid Pastoral Areas of Kenya
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Francis O. Wayua
A low-cost charcoal evaporative cooler was designed and tested for the storage of camel milk in an arid pastoral area of northern Kenya. The cooler, 0.75 m3 in capacity, was made of galvanised iron frame reinforced with wire mesh inside and out, leaving a 10 cm-wide cavity which was filled with charcoal. A water reservoir linked to the cooler at the top through a perforated pipe kept the charcoal continuously wet through drip system. A wind driven fan on the roof enhanced air movement through the charcoal walls by sucking out the air in the cooler. The cooler was evaluated for temperature and product response. The inside temperature was 1-11°C lower than outside temperature and inside humidity was 0-49% higher than outside. During the hottest time of the day (14.00 hrs) when cooling was most needed, the cooler consistently maintained an average temperature drop of 10.5±0.4°C below ambient temperature, which varied from 29-32°C. This reduction in temperature was 35.6% and statistically significant (p≤0.05). During this time, cooling efficiency varied between 74.2 to 86.7%. Temperature of camel milk inside the cooler did not significantly increase (p>0.05) between morning time and evening time. However, temperature of control milk at ambient conditions significantly (p≤0.05) changed over the same period, from 22.6±0.08°C to 28.1±0.08°C. Milk inside the cooler was also significantly cooler (p≤0.05) than control milk in the evening, with a net temperature reduction of 27.0%. Total bacterial count changed from 31.4±2.1 x 104 cfu/ml to 43.1±1.9 x 104 and 1638±81 x 104 cfu/ml for test and control milk, respectively, after storage for 10 hours. As an inexpensive alternative to mechanical refrigeration, evaporative cooling technology is promising and suitable for rural application in arid pastoral areas without grid electricity, to minimise risk of milk spoilage at collection points and retail level, and thereby encourage organised women groups to get involved in milk marketing as a source of income.
©2012 Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co. KG, Berlin/Boston
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Artikel in diesem Heft
- Article
- An Investigation on Physical Ageing of ?-Lactoglobulin and Implications for Its Storage
- Modeling and Predicting the High Pressure Carbon Dioxide Inactivation of Microorganisms in Foods
- The Effect of Microwave Pasteurization on Some Physical and Chemical Characteristics of Milk
- Optimization of Enzymatic Hydrolysis Conditions for Preparation of Gingko Peptides from Ginkgo Nuts
- Effects of Fermentation on Nutritional and Functional Properties of Soybean, Maize, and Germinated Sorghum Composite Flour
- Effect of Gluten Powder on the Quality of Fresh Spaghetti Made with Farina
- Effect of process conditions and carrier concentration for improving drying yield and other quality attributes of spray dried black mulberry (Morus nigra) juice
- Modelling Thermodynamic Properties of Banana Waste by Analytical Derivation of Desorption Isotherms
- Drying Behaviour and Change in Colour and Textural Properties of Mushroom During Drying
- Density and Dynamic Viscosity of Bovine Milk Affect by Temperature and Composition
- Assessment of Physical and Chemical Aspects of New Persian Walnut Cultivars to Optimize Process Conditions
- Sorption Properties of Cape Gooseberry (Physalis peruviana L.)
- Studies on the Microstructure and Thermal Properties of Pulsed Electric Fields (PEF)-Treated Maize Starch
- Fractional Separation and Estimation of Mark-Houwink-Sakurada Equation Parameters for Gluten
- Physico-mechanical Properties and Colour Characteristics of Apple as Affected by Methyl Jasmonate Treatments
- Thermal Drying of Pepper Berries
- Disinfection of Salmonella spp. on Tomato Surface by Pulsed Ultraviolet Light and Selected Sanitizers
- Shorter Communication
- Modeling and Characterization of Blended Guava Pomace and Pulse Powder Based Rice Extrudates
- First Steps in Using Glucomannan to Make Thermostable Gels for Potential Use in Mince Fish Reestructuration
- Design and Performance Assessment of a Low Cost Evaporative Cooler for Storage of Camel Milk in Arid Pastoral Areas of Kenya
- Modeling Oil Extraction from Green and Roasted Coffee by Means of Supercritical CO2
