In response to the need for reliable results from natural language processing, this book presents an original way of decomposing a language(s) in a microscopic manner by means of intra/inter‑language norms and divergences, going progressively from languages as systems to the linguistic, mathematical and computational models, which being based on a constructive approach are inherently traceable. Languages are described with their elements aggregating or repelling each other to form viable interrelated micro‑systems. The abstract model, which contrary to the current state of the art works in intension, is exploitable for all sorts of applications where only the elements which are useful are assembled in the micro‑systems needed to solve the problem in hand. Numerous definitions, schemata and examples involving many languages make the book accessible to students as well as academics and industrial researchers looking for new theories and methodologies for representations and problem solving wherever language and quality meet.

Christiane D. Fellbaum, Princeton University:
S. Cardey presents an original approach to the scientific analysis of language grounded in a firm understanding of previous theories and based on the interaction of lexis, morphology and syntax. Natural language is modeled within a framework that draws on logic, set theory and the theory of algorithms, thus bridging linguistic theory and formal‑mathematical analysis. The model developed here will prove valuable for theoretical linguists studying typologically diverse languages as well as for a wide range of natural language engineers facing challenging applications such as semantic data mining and machine translation.