The use of variation

Chapters in this book

1. Prelim pages i
2. Table of contents v
3. Foreword vii
4. Introduction 1
5. I. Variation in Arabic
6. The use of variation 13
7. Knowing standard Arabic 47
8. Stability and language variation in Arabic 75
9. The meaning of deflected/strict agreement variation in Cairene Arabic 97
10. Emphasis spread in two Arabic dialects 119
11. II. Phonological perspectives
12. Arabic pharyngealization and phonological features 149
13. Gemination and antigemination in Iraqi 163
14. III. Syntactic perspectives
15. Arabic genitives 195
16. The copula in modern standard Arabic (SA) 209
17. The position of subjects in modern Standard Arabic 231
18. Case-marking and binding of subject clitics in Arabic complement clauses 261
19. IV. Historical perspectives
20. On the development of the Energic suffixes 293
21. Early Arabic siin and š iin in light of the proto-semitic fricative-lateral hypothesis 313
22. Index of subjects 343