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Structural, morphological and dielectric properties of Ni-doped ZnO nanoceramics prepared by Sol-gel method

  • Sunena Subhash EMAIL logo and Sudheendran Kooriyattil
Published/Copyright: December 10, 2024
Zeitschrift für Physikalische Chemie
From the journal Zeitschrift für Physikalische Chemie Volume 239 Issue 8

Abstract

The objective of this work is to synthesize new set of nanoceramics that improves structural integrity and dielectric performance while maintaining the desired characteristics of ZnO with the introduction of regulated Ni-doping. By using the sol-gel process, Ni-doped ZnO nanoceramics were successfully synthesized. Zn1–xNixO (x = 0, 0.05, 0.01, 0.15) wt % of Ni in to Zn precursor salts were added. Doping levels are considered to be low to moderate level, which typically lead to considerable changes in structural, optical, morphological and dielectric properties without modification of the nature of host ZnO. Higher concentrations greater than 15 % can result in the precipitation of isolated Ni or NiO phases which may negatively influence uniformity and consistency of the doped material. By using XRD for structural study, phase purity and the hexagonal wurtzite structure were confirmed. The integration of Ni2+ ions into the ZnO lattice is indicated by the change in lattice parameters and bond length for the Ni-doped ZnO sample. Samples follow almost same c/a ratio of an average of 1.601. An increase in “Ni” content results a decrease in crystallite size. Average crystallite size has been calculated ranging from 43.88 nm to 17.01 nm for ZnO to Zn0.85Ni0.15O samples. According to SEM analysis, the grains of the samples are uniformly dispersed. When the produced NPs were examined for purity using EDAX analysis, it was found that the beginning stoichiometries and the chemical composition of Zn, Ni, and O agreed well. The development of the ZnO phase was verified by the presence of a peak at 523 cm−1 in the FTIR spectra. According to the findings of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Ni was observed to be present in the ZnO lattice in the form of Ni2+.The Koops phenomenological theory and the Maxwell-Wagner model provide an explanation for the observed dielectric behaviour. It is noted that for pure ZnO, the dielectric constant and dielectric loss have maximum values, whereas for doped samples, these values decreases. Our sample is suitable for high frequency device application due to a negligible dielectric loss of 0.047 at 15 % Ni concentration in the high-frequency region. Ni-doping affects AC conductivity. At 10 MHz, Zn0.9Ni0.1O has the highest AC conductivity (2.654 × 10⁻⁴ (Ω cm)⁻1), while Zn0.85Ni0.15O shows a lower value (1.048 × 10⁻⁴ (Ω cm)⁻1), indicating a balance between doping level and grain boundary influence on conduction. The impedance study reveals that just one semicircle in all samples, indicating that the influence of grain boundaries is more significant than the contribution of individual grains.

Keywords: Ni-doped ZnO; sol-gel; XRD; SEM; dielectric constant
Corresponding author: Sunena Subhash, PG & Research Department of Physics, Sree Kerala Varma College, University of Calicut, Thrissur, Kerala State, 680011, India, E-mail:

Acknowledgments

I would like to thank KSCSTE (Kerala State Council for Science Technology and Environment) for providing fellowship to facilitate my work. Facilities provided by DST – FIST, UGC, SERB, KSCSTE SARD are deeply acknowledged.

  1. Research ethics: Not applicable.

  2. Informed consent: Not applicable.

  3. Author contributions: The authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this manuscript and approved its submission.

  4. Use of Large Language Models, AI and Machine Learning Tools: None declared.

  5. Conflict of interest: The authors state no conflict of interest.

  6. Research funding: KSCSTE (Kerala State Council for Science Technology and Environment).

  7. Data availability: Not applicable.

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Received: 2024-06-13
Accepted: 2024-11-04
Published Online: 2024-12-10
Published in Print: 2025-08-26

© 2024 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

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https://doi.org/10.1515/zpch-2024-0905
Keywords for this article
Ni-doped ZnO; sol-gel; XRD; SEM; dielectric constant

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Frontmatter
  2. Contributions to “Materials for solar water splitting”
  3. Synthesis and spectroscopic characterization with topology analysis, drug-likeness (ADMET), and molecular docking of novel antitumor molecule 5-Amino-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1-isonicotinoyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrazole-4-carbonitrile
  4. Probing structural, surface morphological, optical, low temperature magnetic studies and electrochemical studies on gadolinium tellurite (GdTeO3)
  5. Nanostructured bismuth chloride based ((CH3NH3)3Bi2IxCl9-x) active layers for lead-free perovskite solar cells
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