Abstract
In high-resolution off-axis electron holography, the correction of coherent aberrations allows the quantitative interpretation of the amplitude and phase of the object wave up to the information limit of the electron microscope. Since the measured object phase is directly related to the projected atomic potential for sufficiently thin samples, off-axis electron holography is expected to allow distinguishing of different elements in the reconstructed phase image (“holographic materials analysis”). This has already been verified with the example of Ga and As. However, simulations of the atomic phase shift reveal that the interpretation of the measured phase shift in terms of atomic species is generally rather complex. The findings suggest that, in some cases, the requirements as to lateral resolution and phase detection limit will be met only by electron microscopes of the next generation.
Dedicated to Professor Dr. Knut Urban on the occasion of his 65th birthday
Funding statement: We thank Dr. Christian Kisielowski (NCEM, Berkeley) for providing the specimen and all members of the Triebenberg group for the fruitful discussions
References
[1] M. Haider, H. Rose, S. Uhlemann, E. Schwan, B. Kabius, K. Urban: Nature 392 (1998) 768.10.1038/33823Search in Google Scholar
[2] W.M.J. Coene, A. Thust, M. Op De Beeck, D. Van Dyck: Ultramicroscopy 64 (1996) 109.10.1016/0304-3991(96)00010-1Search in Google Scholar
[3] A. Thust, W.M.J. Coene, M. Op De Beeck, D. Van Dyck: Ultramicroscopy 64 (1996) 211.10.1016/0304-3991(96)00011-3Search in Google Scholar
[4] S. Amelinckx, D. Van Dyck, J. Van Landuyt, G. Van Tendeloo: Handbook of Microscopy Methods II, VHC, Weinheim (1997).10.1002/9783527620524Search in Google Scholar
[5] C.B. Boothroyd: Journal of Microscopy, Vol. 190 (1998) 99.10.1046/j.1365-2818.1998.2910843.xSearch in Google Scholar
[6] M. Lehmann, D. Geiger, I. Büscher, H.W. Zandbergen, D. van Dyck, H. Lichte: Proc. ICEM15, Durban, South Africa, Vol. 3 (2002) 279.Search in Google Scholar
[7] H. Lichte: Ultramicroscopy 20 (1986) 293.10.1016/0304-3991(86)90193-2Search in Google Scholar
[8] M. Lehmann: Cryst. Res. Technol. 40, No. 1/2 (2005) 149.10.1002/crat.200410318Search in Google Scholar
[9] G. Möllenstedt, H. Düker: Zeitschrift für Physik 145 (1956) 377.10.1007/BF01326780Search in Google Scholar
[10] F.J. Franke, K.-H. Herrmann, H. Lichte: Scanning Microscopy Supplemant 2 (1988) 59.Search in Google Scholar
[11] H. Lichte: Proceedings EMC 2004 (Vol. I). Antwerp, Belgium, 201.Search in Google Scholar
[12] D. Geiger, H. Lichte, M. Lehmann, B. Freitag, M. Haider: Proc. MC2005, Davos, 32.Search in Google Scholar
[13] L. Reimer: Springer Series in Optical Sciences, Vol. 36, 4th Edition, Springer, Berlin (1997).10.1007/978-3-662-14824-2Search in Google Scholar
[14] G. Moliere: Z. f. Naturforsch. 2A (1947) 133.10.1515/zna-1947-0302Search in Google Scholar
[15] E.J. Kirkland: Advanced Computing in Electron Microscopy. Plenum Press, New York (1998).10.1007/978-1-4757-4406-4Search in Google Scholar
[16] A.L. Weickenmeier, H. Kohl: Acta. Cryst. A 47 (1991) 590.10.1107/S0108767391004804Search in Google Scholar
[17] P.A. Stadelmann: Ultramicroscopy 21 (1987) 131.10.1016/0304-3991(87)90080-5Search in Google Scholar
[18] A.W. Stevenson, Acta. Cryst. A50 (1994) 621.10.1107/S0108767393013947Search in Google Scholar
[19] M. Lentzen, B. Jahnen, C.L. Jia, A. Thust, K. Tillmann, K. Urban: Ultramicroscopy 92 (2002) 233.10.1016/S0304-3991(02)00139-0Search in Google Scholar
[20] C.L. Jia, M. Lentzen, K. Urban: Microscopy and Microanalysis 10 (2004) 174.10.1017/S1431927604040425Search in Google Scholar
[21] F. Zemlin, K. Weiss, P. Schiske, W. Kunath, K.-H. Hermann: Ultramicroscopy 3 (1978) 49.10.1016/S0304-3991(78)80006-0Search in Google Scholar
[22] M. Lehmann: Ultramicroscopy 100 (2004) 9.10.1016/j.ultramic.2004.01.005Search in Google Scholar
[23] G. Möbus, G. Necker, M. Rühle: Ultramicroscopy 49 (1993) 46.10.1016/0304-3991(93)90212-GSearch in Google Scholar
[24] A. Harscher, H. Lichte: Ultramicroscopy 64 (1996) 57.10.1016/0304-3991(96)00019-8Search in Google Scholar
[25] M. Lehmann: Phys. Stat. sol. (a) 202 (2005) 2386.10.1002/pssa.200521269Search in Google Scholar
[26] Z.L. Wang: Acta. Cryst. A 54 (1998) 460.10.1107/S0108767398001457Search in Google Scholar
[27] K. Scheerschmidt: Proc. MC2005, Davos, 23.Search in Google Scholar
© 2006 Carl Hanser Verlag, München
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Editorial
- Professor Dr. Knut Urban 65 Years
- Basic
- Ordering processes and atomic defects in FeCo
- Atomic resolution electron tomography: a dream?
- Electron tomography of microelectronic device interconnects
- Aberration correction in electron microscopy
- Off-axis electron holography: Materials analysis at atomic resolution
- Determination of phases of complex scattering amplitudes and two-particle structure factors by investigating diffractograms of thin amorphous foils
- Prospects of the multislice method for CBED pattern calculation
- Electron energy-loss spectrometry for metals:some thoughts beyond microanalysis
- Quantitative assessment of nanoparticle size distributions from HRTEM images
- Quantitative microstructural and spectroscopic investigation of inversion domain boundaries in sintered zinc oxide ceramics doped with iron oxide
- Structural domains in antiferromagnetic LaFeO3 thin films
- Short-range order of liquid Ti72.3Fe27.7 investigated by a combination of neutron scattering and X-ray diffraction
- Extended interfacial structure between two asymmetrical facets of a Σ = 9 grain boundary in copper
- Dislocation imaging in fcc colloidal single crystals
- Applied
- Omega phase transformation – morphologies and mechanisms
- Mixed (Sr1 − xCax)33Bi24Al48O141 fullerenoids: the defect structure analysed by (S)TEM techniques
- Wetting of aluminium-based complex metallic alloys
- Annealing-induced phase transitions in a Zr–Ti–Nb–Cu–Ni–Al bulk metallic glass matrix composite containing quasicrystalline precipitates
- Special planar defects in the structural complex metallic alloys of Al–Pd–Mn and Al–Ni–Rh
- On the formation of Si nanowires by molecular beam epitaxy
- Self-induced oscillations in Si and other semiconductors
- Growth, interface structure, and magnetic properties of Fe/GaAs and Fe3Si/GaAs hybrid systems
- An investigation of improved titanium/titanium nitride barriers for submicron aluminum-filled contacts by energy-filtered transmission electron microscopy
- Radiation damage during HRTEM studies in pure Al and Al alloys
- Cross-sectional high-resolution transmission electron microscopy at Mo/Si multilayer stacks
- Structural properties of the fiber –matrix interface in carbon-fiber/carbon-matrix composites and interfaces between carbon layers and planar substrates
- Microstructure and properties of surface-treated Timetal 834
- Notifications
- Personal
- Conferences
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Editorial
- Professor Dr. Knut Urban 65 Years
- Basic
- Ordering processes and atomic defects in FeCo
- Atomic resolution electron tomography: a dream?
- Electron tomography of microelectronic device interconnects
- Aberration correction in electron microscopy
- Off-axis electron holography: Materials analysis at atomic resolution
- Determination of phases of complex scattering amplitudes and two-particle structure factors by investigating diffractograms of thin amorphous foils
- Prospects of the multislice method for CBED pattern calculation
- Electron energy-loss spectrometry for metals:some thoughts beyond microanalysis
- Quantitative assessment of nanoparticle size distributions from HRTEM images
- Quantitative microstructural and spectroscopic investigation of inversion domain boundaries in sintered zinc oxide ceramics doped with iron oxide
- Structural domains in antiferromagnetic LaFeO3 thin films
- Short-range order of liquid Ti72.3Fe27.7 investigated by a combination of neutron scattering and X-ray diffraction
- Extended interfacial structure between two asymmetrical facets of a Σ = 9 grain boundary in copper
- Dislocation imaging in fcc colloidal single crystals
- Applied
- Omega phase transformation – morphologies and mechanisms
- Mixed (Sr1 − xCax)33Bi24Al48O141 fullerenoids: the defect structure analysed by (S)TEM techniques
- Wetting of aluminium-based complex metallic alloys
- Annealing-induced phase transitions in a Zr–Ti–Nb–Cu–Ni–Al bulk metallic glass matrix composite containing quasicrystalline precipitates
- Special planar defects in the structural complex metallic alloys of Al–Pd–Mn and Al–Ni–Rh
- On the formation of Si nanowires by molecular beam epitaxy
- Self-induced oscillations in Si and other semiconductors
- Growth, interface structure, and magnetic properties of Fe/GaAs and Fe3Si/GaAs hybrid systems
- An investigation of improved titanium/titanium nitride barriers for submicron aluminum-filled contacts by energy-filtered transmission electron microscopy
- Radiation damage during HRTEM studies in pure Al and Al alloys
- Cross-sectional high-resolution transmission electron microscopy at Mo/Si multilayer stacks
- Structural properties of the fiber –matrix interface in carbon-fiber/carbon-matrix composites and interfaces between carbon layers and planar substrates
- Microstructure and properties of surface-treated Timetal 834
- Notifications
- Personal
- Conferences