Combined shear and compression analysis using a modified Iosipescu shear test device. Experimental studies on dry wood
-
Federica De Magistris
Abstract
The mechanical treatment of wood in a refiner involves a complex combination of shear and compression forces. To obtain more knowledge on this process, the possibility of using an apparatus based on the Iosipescu shear test device to measure the behaviour of wood under a combined shear and compression load was tested. In this new apparatus, different combinations of shear and compression load were achieved by different rotations of the shear test device itself. Numerical simulations of the combined shear and compression test were carried out and compared with experimental data to verify the reliability of the modified device as applied to wood. It was concluded that the new apparatus is suitable for applying different combinations of shear and compression load in testing wood samples. However, finite element analysis showed that with the use of homogeneous material in the model, the level of strain reached would be 10-fold smaller. This fact is probably due to the honeycomb structure of the wood cells, which allows for different local deformation that could not be represented by the continuous material used in the model.
References
Adams, D.F., Walrath, D.E. (1987) Further development of the Iosipescu shear test method. Exp. Mech.27:113–119.10.1007/BF02319461Search in Google Scholar
Ando, K., Ohta, M. (1995) Variability of fracture toughness by the crack tip position in an annual ring of coniferous wood. J. Wood Sci.45:275–283.Search in Google Scholar
Bansal, A., Kumosa, M. (1995) Application of the biaxial Iosipescu method to mixed-mode fracture of unidirectional composites. Int. J. Fract.71:131–150.10.1007/BF00033752Search in Google Scholar
Bergander, A., Salmén, L. (2000a) The transverse elastic modulus of the native wood fibre wall. J. Pulp Pap. Sci.26:234–238.Search in Google Scholar
Bergander, A., Salmén, L. (2000b) Variations in transverse fibre wall properties: Relations between elastic properties and structure. Holzforschung54:654–660.10.1515/HF.2000.110Search in Google Scholar
Bodig, J., Jayne, B.A. Mechanics of Wood and Wood Composites. Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, USA, 1982.Search in Google Scholar
Carrington, H. (1923) The elastic constant of spruce. Philos. Mag.45:1055–1057.10.1080/14786442308636317Search in Google Scholar
Conant, N.R., Odom, E.M. (1995) An improved Iosipescu shear test fixture. J. Compos. Technol. Res.17:50–55.Search in Google Scholar
De Magistris, F., Salmén, L. (2003) Combined shear and compression analysis using the Iosipescu device: Analytical and experimental studies of medium density fiberboard. Wood Sci. Technol.37:509–521.Search in Google Scholar
De Magistris, F., Salmén, L. (2004) Deformation of wet wood under combined shear and compression. In: Proceedings of the 2nd International Symposium on Wood Machining. Vienna, Austria. pp. 75–82.Search in Google Scholar
Dumail, J.F., Olofsson, K., Salmén, L. (2000) An analysis in rolling shear of spruce wood by the Iosipescu method. Holzforschung54:420–426.10.1515/HF.2000.070Search in Google Scholar
Farruggia, F., Perré, P. (2000) Microscopic tensile tests in the transverse plane of earlywood and latewood parts of spruce. Wood Sci. Technol.34:65–82.10.1007/s002260000034Search in Google Scholar
Grédiac M., Pierron, F., Vautrin, A. (1994) The Iosipescu in-plane shear test applied to composites: A new approach based on displacements field processing. Compos. Sci. Technol.51:409–417.10.1016/0266-3538(94)90109-0Search in Google Scholar
Hibbit, Karlsson & Sorensen. ABAQUS Standard User's Manual. Version 6.3. Hibbit, Karlsson & Sorensen Inc, Rhode Island, USA, 2001.Search in Google Scholar
Holmberg, S. (1998) A numerical and experimental study of initial defibration of wood. Doctoral thesis. Division of Structural Mechanics, Lund Institute of Technology, Sweden.Search in Google Scholar
Iosipescu, N. (1967) New accurate procedure for single testing of metals. J. Mater.2:537–566.Search in Google Scholar
Jernkvist, L.O. (2000) On the fracture behaviour of softwood. Doctoral thesis. Division of Solid Mechanics, Luleå University of Technology, Sweden.Search in Google Scholar
Koponen, S., Toratti, T., Kanerva, P. (1991) Modelling elastic and shrinkage properties of wood based on cell structure. Wood Sci. Technol.25:25–32.10.1007/BF00195554Search in Google Scholar
Liu, J.Y. (2000) Effects of shear coupling on shear properties of wood. Wood Fiber Sci.32:458–465.Search in Google Scholar
Liu, J.Y., Flach, D.D., Ross, R.J., Lichtenberg, G.J. (1999) An improved shear test fixture using the Iosipescu specimen. Mech. Cell. Mater.231:139–147.Search in Google Scholar
Persson, K. (2000) Micromechanical modeling of wood and fiber properties. Doctoral thesis. Division of Structural Mechanics, Lund Institute of Technology, Sweden.Search in Google Scholar
Sjödahl, M. (1995) Electronic speckle photography applied to in-plane deformation and strain field measurements. Doctoral thesis. Division of Experimental Mechanics, Luleå University of Technology, Sweden.Search in Google Scholar
Tongli, W., Aitken, A.N., Rozenberg, P., Carlson, M.R. (1999) Selection for height growth and Pilodyn pin penetration in lodgepole pine: Effects on growth traits, wood properties, and their relationships. Can. J. For. Res.29:434–445.Search in Google Scholar
Walrath, D.E., Adams, D.F. (1983) The Iosipescu shear test as applied to composite materials. Exp. Mech.23:105–110.10.1007/BF02328688Search in Google Scholar
©2005 by Walter de Gruyter Berlin New York
Articles in the same Issue
- The prediction of pulp yield using selected fiber properties
- Surface lignin and extractives on hardwood RDH kraft pulp chemically characterized by ToF-SIMS
- NMR studies on Fraser fir Abies fraseri (Pursh) Poir. lignins
- Acid hydrolysis kinetics and identification of erythro and threo α-ethyl ether derivatives of non-phenolic arylglycerol-β-syringyl ether lignin model compounds
- Stabilization of cellulose solutions in N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide (Lyocell dopes) by addition of an N-oxide as sacrificial substrate
- Mechanism of decomposition of peracetic acid by manganese ions and diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA)
- The effect of chlorophorin and its derivative on melanin biosynthesis
- Long-term development of VOC emissions from OSB after hot-pressing
- Assessment of continuous distribution of wood properties from a low number of samples: Application to the variability of modulus of elasticity between trees and within a tree
- Earlywood and latewood elastic properties in loblolly pine
- Combined shear and compression analysis using a modified Iosipescu shear test device. Experimental studies on dry wood
- An approach to viscoelastic behaviour analysis of wood-based panels by an inverse method of characterisation
- The mechanosorptive effect in Pinus radiata D. Don.
- Advances in understanding bioactivity of chitosan and chitosan oligomers against selected wood-inhabiting fungi
- Comparison of quantitative real-time PCR, chitin and ergosterol assays for monitoring colonization of Trametes versicolor in birch wood
- Rate and extent of adsorption of ACQ preservative components in wood
- Prediction of long-term leaching potential of preservative-treated wood by diffusion modeling
Articles in the same Issue
- The prediction of pulp yield using selected fiber properties
- Surface lignin and extractives on hardwood RDH kraft pulp chemically characterized by ToF-SIMS
- NMR studies on Fraser fir Abies fraseri (Pursh) Poir. lignins
- Acid hydrolysis kinetics and identification of erythro and threo α-ethyl ether derivatives of non-phenolic arylglycerol-β-syringyl ether lignin model compounds
- Stabilization of cellulose solutions in N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide (Lyocell dopes) by addition of an N-oxide as sacrificial substrate
- Mechanism of decomposition of peracetic acid by manganese ions and diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA)
- The effect of chlorophorin and its derivative on melanin biosynthesis
- Long-term development of VOC emissions from OSB after hot-pressing
- Assessment of continuous distribution of wood properties from a low number of samples: Application to the variability of modulus of elasticity between trees and within a tree
- Earlywood and latewood elastic properties in loblolly pine
- Combined shear and compression analysis using a modified Iosipescu shear test device. Experimental studies on dry wood
- An approach to viscoelastic behaviour analysis of wood-based panels by an inverse method of characterisation
- The mechanosorptive effect in Pinus radiata D. Don.
- Advances in understanding bioactivity of chitosan and chitosan oligomers against selected wood-inhabiting fungi
- Comparison of quantitative real-time PCR, chitin and ergosterol assays for monitoring colonization of Trametes versicolor in birch wood
- Rate and extent of adsorption of ACQ preservative components in wood
- Prediction of long-term leaching potential of preservative-treated wood by diffusion modeling
