Startseite Linguistik & Semiotik On the linguistic functions of the particle ʕaad in Jordanian Arabic
Artikel
Lizenziert
Nicht lizenziert Erfordert eine Authentifizierung

On the linguistic functions of the particle ʕaad in Jordanian Arabic

  • Basem Ibrahim Malawi Al-Raba’a ORCID logo EMAIL logo
Veröffentlicht/Copyright: 14. November 2023
Veröffentlichen auch Sie bei De Gruyter Brill

Abstract

This paper investigates the linguistic functions of the syncretic particle ʕaad in Jordanian Arabic. It particularly examines the repetitive, evidential, and evaluative functions of ʕaad, and attempts to make some speculations on the source from which this particle could have been originated. Moreover, it explores the syntactic function of each ʕaad, arguing that one ʕaad is an utterance-oriented repetitive particle, while the other two are mood particles, with one expressing evidential mood but the other evaluative mood. It will also be shown that the three particles are syntactically functional heads encoding different grammatical and pragmatic meanings.


Corresponding author: Basem Ibrahim Malawi Al-Raba’a, Department of English Language and Literature, School of Foreign Languages, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan, E-mail:

References

Abraham, Werner. 1991. Discourse particles in German: How does their illocutive force come about? In Werner Abraham (ed.), Discourse particles, 203–252. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.10.1075/pbns.12.08abrSuche in Google Scholar

Abraham, Werner. 2020. Modality in syntax, semantics and pragmatics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.10.1017/9781139108676Suche in Google Scholar

Aikhenvald, Alexandra Y. 2003. Evidentiality in typological perspective. In Alexandra Y. Aikhenvald & Robert M. W. Dixon (eds.), Typological studies in language: Studies in evidentiality, 1–31. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.10.1075/tsl.54.04aikSuche in Google Scholar

Aikhenvald, Alexandra Y. 2004. Evidentiality. Oxford: Oxford University Press.10.1093/oso/9780199263882.001.0001Suche in Google Scholar

Akkuş, Faruk. 2022. Evidence from Sason Arabic for Ā-movement feeding case-licensing relations. Linguistic Inquiry 53(3). 589–607.Suche in Google Scholar

Akkuş, Faruk & Virginia Hill. 2021. Overt speakers in syntax. Glossa 6(1). 1, 1–33. https://doi.org/10.5334/gjgl.1286.Suche in Google Scholar

Alcázar, Asier & Mario Saltarelli. 2014. The syntax of imperatives. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.10.1017/CBO9780511794391Suche in Google Scholar

Bayer, Josef & Hans-Georg Obenauer. 2011. Discourse particles, clause structure, and question types. The Linguistic Review 28. 449–491. https://doi.org/10.1515/tlir.2011.013.Suche in Google Scholar

Belletti, Adiana. 2004. Aspects of the low IP area. In Luigi Rizzi (ed.), The structure of IP and CP: The cartography of the syntactic structures, 16–51. Oxford: Oxford University Press.10.1093/oso/9780195159486.003.0002Suche in Google Scholar

Benmamoun, Elabbas. 2008. Clause structure and the syntax of verbless sentences. In Robert Freidin, Carlos P. Otero & Maria Luisa Zubizarreta (eds.), Foundational issues in linguistic theory: Essays in honor of Jean-Roger Vergnaud, 105–131. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press.10.7551/mitpress/9780262062787.003.0006Suche in Google Scholar

Benmamoun, Elabbas. 2017. VSO word order, primarily in Arabic languages. In Martin Everaert & Henk van Riemsdijk (eds.), The Wiley Blackwell companion to syntax, 1–30. Hoboken: Wiley Blackwell.10.1002/9781118358733.wbsyncom060Suche in Google Scholar

Boye, Kasper. 2006. Epistemic meaning: A cross-linguistic study. Copenhagen: University of Copenhagen dissertation.Suche in Google Scholar

Boye, Kasper & Peter Harder. 2009. Evidentiality: Linguistic categories and grammaticalization. Functions of Language 16(1). 9–43. https://doi.org/10.1075/fol.16.1.03boy.Suche in Google Scholar

Carstens, Vicki. 2000. Concord in minimalist theory. Linguistic Inquiry 31(2). 319–355. https://doi.org/10.1162/002438900554370.Suche in Google Scholar

Chomsky, Noam. 2000. Minimalist inquiries: The framework. In Roger Martin, David Michaels & Juan Uriagereka (eds.), Step-by-step: Essays on minimalist syntax in honor of Howard Lasnik, 89–156. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Suche in Google Scholar

Chomsky, Noam. 2001. Derivation by phase. In Michael Kenstowicz (ed.), Ken Hale: A life in language, 1–52. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.10.7551/mitpress/4056.003.0004Suche in Google Scholar

Cinque, Guglielmo. 1999. Adverbs and functional heads: A cross-linguistic perspective. Oxford: Oxford University Press.10.1093/oso/9780195115260.001.0001Suche in Google Scholar

Faller, Martina F. 2002. Semantics and pragmatics of evidentials in Cozco Quechua. California: Stanford University dissertation.Suche in Google Scholar

Fassi Fehri, Abdelkader. 1993. Issues in the structure of Arabic clauses and words. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers.10.1007/978-94-017-1986-5Suche in Google Scholar

Fassi Fehri, Abdelkader. 2012. Key features and parameters in Arabic grammar. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.10.1075/la.182Suche in Google Scholar

Fischer, Olga & Anette Rosenbach. 2000. Introduction. In Olga Fischer, Anette Rosenbach & Dieter Stein (eds.), Pathways of change: Grammaticalization in English, 1–37. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.10.1075/slcs.53.03fisSuche in Google Scholar

Foley, William A. & Robert D. Van Valin. 1984. Functional syntax and universal grammar. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Suche in Google Scholar

Harb, Mustafa, Marwan Jarrah & Sharif Alghazo. 2022. Discourse markers within sentence grammar: Further evidence from ʕaad in Jordanian Arabic. Ampersand 9. 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amper.2022.100082.Suche in Google Scholar

Heine, Bernd. 1997. Possession: Cognitive sources, forces, and grammaticalization. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.10.1017/CBO9780511581908Suche in Google Scholar

Heine, Bernd. 2003. Grammaticalization. In Brian D. Joseph & Richard D. Janda (eds.), The handbook of historical linguistics, 575–601. Malden, MA: Blackwell.10.1111/b.9781405127479.2004.00020.xSuche in Google Scholar

Heine, Bernd & Tania Kuteva. 2002. World lexicon of grammaticalization. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.10.1017/CBO9780511613463Suche in Google Scholar

Heine, Bernd & Tania Kuteva. 2007. The genesis of grammar: A reconstruction. Oxford: Oxford University Press.10.1093/oso/9780199227761.001.0001Suche in Google Scholar

Hill, Virginia. 2014. Vocatives: How syntax meets with pragmatics. Leiden: Brill.10.1163/9789004261389Suche in Google Scholar

Hopper, Paul J. & Elizabeth Closs Traugott. 2003. Grammaticalization, 2nd edn. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.10.1017/CBO9781139165525Suche in Google Scholar

Jarrah, Marwan. 2019. Record your agree: A case study of the Arabic complementizer ʔinn. Journal of Linguistics 55. 83–122. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0022226718000282.Suche in Google Scholar

Jarrah, Marwan & Nimer Abusalim. 2021. In favour of the low IP area in the Arabic clause structure. Natural Language & Linguistic Theory 39. 123–156. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11049-020-09474-y.Suche in Google Scholar

Jarrah, Marwan & Murdhy R. Alshamari. 2017. The syntax of the evidential particle ʃikil in Jordanian Arabic. Italian Journal of Linguistics 29(2). 29–56.Suche in Google Scholar

Jarrah, Marwan & Mustafa Harb. 2021. Grammatical encoding of discourse structure: A case study of Arabic discourse particle tara. Transactions of the Philological Society 119(1). 83–104. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-968x.12208.Suche in Google Scholar

Kayne, Richard S. 2002. On some prepositions that look DP-internal: English of and French de. Catalan Journal of Linguistics 1. 71–115. https://doi.org/10.5565/rev/catjl.56.Suche in Google Scholar

Kocher, Anna. 2023. A sentence mood account for Spanish verum. Glossa 8(1). 1–47. https://doi.org/10.16995/glossa.8784.Suche in Google Scholar

Lehmann, Christian. 2004. Theory and method in grammaticalization. Zeitschrift für Germanistische Linguistik 32(2). 152–187. https://doi.org/10.1515/zfgl.2004.32.2.152.Suche in Google Scholar

Pesetsky, David & Esther Torrego. 2007. The syntax of valuation and the interpretability of features. In Simin Karimi, Vida Samiian & Wendy K. Wilkins (eds.), Clausal and phrasal architecture: Syntactic derivation and interpretation, 262–294. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.10.1075/la.101.14pesSuche in Google Scholar

Rizzi, Luigi. 1990. Relativized minimality. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press.Suche in Google Scholar

Rizzi, Luigi. 1997. The fine structure of the left periphery. In Liliane Haegeman (ed.), Elements of grammar: Handbook in generative syntax, 281–337. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers.10.1007/978-94-011-5420-8_7Suche in Google Scholar

Rizzi, Luigi. 2001. On the position interrogative in the left periphery of the clause. In Guglielmo Cinque & Giampaolo Salvi (eds.), Current studies in Italian syntax: Essays offered to Lorenzo Renzi, 287–296. Amsterdam: Elsevier.10.1163/9780585473949_016Suche in Google Scholar

Rizzi, Luigi. 2004. The structure of CP and IP: The cartography of syntactic structures, vol. 2. Oxford: Oxford University Press.10.1093/oso/9780195159486.001.0001Suche in Google Scholar

Roussou, Anna. 2000. On the left periphery: Modal particles and complementizers. Journal of Greek Linguistics 1. 65–94. https://doi.org/10.1075/jgl.1.05rou.Suche in Google Scholar

Rupp, Laura. 2003. The syntax of imperatives in English and Germanic: Word order variation in the minimalist framework. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.10.1057/9780230505179Suche in Google Scholar

Stede, Manfred & Birte Schmitz. 2000. Discourse particles and discourse functions. Machine Translation 15. 125–147. https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1011112031877.10.1023/A:1011112031877Suche in Google Scholar

Tenny, Carol L. 2000. Core events and adverbial modification. In Carol Tenny & James Pustejovsky (eds.), Events as grammatical objects, 285–334. Stanford: CSLI Publications.Suche in Google Scholar

Traugott, Elizabeth Closs. 1995. The role of the development of discourse markers in a theory of grammaticalization. Paper presented at ICHL XII, Manchester, 11/97.Suche in Google Scholar

Travis, Lisa deMena. 1984. Parameters and effects of word order variation. Massachusetts: Massachusetts Institute of Technology dissertation.Suche in Google Scholar

van Gelderen, Elly. 2004. Grammaticalization as economy. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.10.1075/la.71Suche in Google Scholar

Wakefield, John C. 2020. The syntax and semantics of Cantonese particles in the left periphery. Studies in Chinese Linguistics 41(2). 109–138. https://doi.org/10.2478/scl-2020-0004.Suche in Google Scholar

Wiltschko, Martina. 2017. Response particles beyond answering. In Laura R. Bailey & Michelle Sheehan (eds.), Order and structure in syntax: Word order and syntactic structure I, 241–279. Berlin: Language Science Press.Suche in Google Scholar

Zimmermann, Malte. 2004. Discourse particles in the left periphery. ZAS Papers in Linguistics 35. 543–566. https://doi.org/10.21248/zaspil.35.2004.241.Suche in Google Scholar

Zimmermann, Malte. 2011. Discourse particles. In Paul Portner, Claudia Maienborn & Klaus von Heusinger (eds.), Semantics: An international handbook of natural language meaning, 2011–2038. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.Suche in Google Scholar

Published Online: 2023-11-14
Published in Print: 2023-11-27

© 2023 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

Heruntergeladen am 7.12.2025 von https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.1515/tlr-2023-2012/pdf
Button zum nach oben scrollen