The syntax of Tagalog relative clauses
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Paul Law
Abstract
Four superficially different types of Tagalog relative clauses (head-initial, head-final and internally headed and headless) are argued to have the same D CP underlying structure and derivation. It is suggested that the head noun raises to SpecCP (Vergnaud 1974. French relative clauses. Cambridge, MA: MIT dissertation; Kayne 1994. The antisymmetry of syntax. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press) leaving a copy of itself in the original position. Evidence for movement of the head in all four types comes from their showing the same behavior as overt movement observed elsewhere. Their superficial differences are the results of deletion of the copy in the TP or the copy at the landing site. The TP in the CP is not fronted, contra Aldridge (2003. Remnant movement in Tagalog relative clause formation. Linguistic Inquiry 34. 631–640), but remains in-situ. It is shown that the position of the (overt) head noun coincides precisely with that of the absolutive argument in the declarative. The types of relative clauses in English, Quechua, and Japanese are suggested to be related to independently available options of deleting different copies of the head noun. Two consequences that follow from the head-raising analysis proposed here are that the null operator analysis (Chomsky 1986. Barriers. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press; Browning 1987. Null operator constructions. Cambridge, MA: MIT dissertation) for relative clauses cannot be correct, and that languages other than the SOV ones may have internally headed relative clauses as well, contrary to Cole (1987. The structure of internally headed relative clauses. Natural Language and Linguistic Theory 5. 277–302).
Acknowledgements
Parts of this paper were presented at the 9th Annual Workshop on Formal Syntax and Semantics (National Taiwan Chungcheng University, Taiwan), the 8th Workshop on Theoretical East Asian Languages (National Tsinghua University, Taiwan), the 21st Annual Meeting of the Austronesian Formal Linguistics Association (University of Hawaii at Manoa), the GLOW in Asia 10 conference (National Tsinghua University, Taiwan), the 14th Seoul International Generative Grammar Conference (Dongguk University, South Korea), and the 3rd symposium on prominence and locality in natural language (Beijing University of Language and Culture, China). I am grateful to the participants of these occasions for their insightful comments and suggestions, especially Henry Yongli Chang, Richie Kayne, Ed Keenan, Heejeong Ko, Hilda Koopman, Manfred Krifka, Yuko Otsuka, Ian Roberts, and Dylan Tsai. Penetrating criticisms from two Linguistics reviewers have helped shape and improve the paper substantially. I wish to thank Nestor dela Cruz, Karen Francisco, Diana Mendoza and Valerie Yap for sharing with me their native judgement of Tagalog and Hyunjun Park for the Korean data. I am responsible for all inadequacies.
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©2016 by De Gruyter Mouton
Artikel in diesem Heft
- Frontmatter
- Cooperation and coercion
- Case inflection of construct-state constructions in Dinka
- Permission and obligation intertwined: The twofold modal meaning of the Finnish jussive from a discourse perspective
- The syntax of Tagalog relative clauses
- Verb class, case, and order: A crosslinguistic experiment on non-nominative experiencers
- Morphological fusion without syntactic fusion: The case of the “verificative” in Agul
- Book Review
- Maj-Britt Mosegaard Hansen and Jacqueline Visconti: The Diachrony of Negation
Artikel in diesem Heft
- Frontmatter
- Cooperation and coercion
- Case inflection of construct-state constructions in Dinka
- Permission and obligation intertwined: The twofold modal meaning of the Finnish jussive from a discourse perspective
- The syntax of Tagalog relative clauses
- Verb class, case, and order: A crosslinguistic experiment on non-nominative experiencers
- Morphological fusion without syntactic fusion: The case of the “verificative” in Agul
- Book Review
- Maj-Britt Mosegaard Hansen and Jacqueline Visconti: The Diachrony of Negation
