Influence of waist circumference on blood pressure status in non-obese adolescents
-
Karima Benmohammed
, Paul Valensi
, Minh Tuan Nguyen , Farah Benmohammed , Moufida Benlatreche , Karima Benembarek und Alkassem Lezzar
Abstract
Objectives
To check whether excess in abdominal adiposity and metabolic factors were associated with blood pressure abnormalities in non-obese adolescents.
Methods
We randomly selected 1100 adolescent students, aged 12–18 years, from schools and classrooms in the city of Constantine, Algeria. Among them 179 were overweight and 51 were obese (IOTF criteria). Waist circumference (WC) was considered high if >74 cm in boys and 75 cm in girls (mean of WC of all population studied). Hypertension (HBP) and prehypertension (preHBP) were defined by the NHBPEP’s 2004 criteria.
Results
The prevalence of HBP/preHBP were 13.0%/12.4% with no difference between boys and girls. The percentages of HBP/preHBP patients were 15.6%/15.6% in overweight adolescents, 5.9%/31.4% in obese adolescents and 12.9%/10.6% in adolescents with normal body weight (p < 0.0001).
In obese adolescents, the prevalence of HBP was higher among boys than girls (36% vs. 27%, p = 0.002). In normal and overweight adolescents, the prevalence of HBP and preHBP was similar in boys and girls (11.9% vs. 11.0% and 14.7% vs. 12.1%); the association of WC (high vs. not high) with HBP was found in boys (16.1% vs. 8.8%, p = 0.009) but not in girls (12.1% vs. 10.2%), and with preHBP in girls (15.5% vs. 8.0%, p = 0.029) but not in boys (16.2% vs. 13.6%). Waist circumference [OR: 1.04 (1.03–1.06); p < 0.0001] and HOMA index [OR: 1.65 (1.13–2.39); p = 0.009] were associated with an increased risk of HBP.
Conclusion
In non-obese adolescents, a high WC, defined by values over the mean WC observed in our population, is associated with a higher risk of HBP in boys.
Acknowledgements
The authors are grateful to Abdelghani Letreche, statistician at the “National Statistical Office of Algeria” for his assistance with our survey and Doctor Jacques Pariès for statistical analysis, and to all the participating doctors, and the adolescents and their parents for consenting to participate in this study.
Funding: Dr Benmohammed’s work has been funded by the Algerian Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research (Scholarship).
Disclosure statement: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
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