Modeling of alkaline extraction chemistry and kinetics of softwood kraft pulp
-
Susanna Kuitunen
,
Ville Tarvo
Abstract
A comprehensive model for alkaline extraction (E) of chlorine dioxide delignified (D0) softwood kraft pulp (KP) is presented. The dynamics of the process is modeled by taking into account both irreversible and reversible chemical reactions and gas-liquid and liquid-liquid mass transfer. Equations linking molecular-scale composition (amounts of monomeric lignin and carbohydrate structures) and general engineering parameters [κ number (KN), brightness, intrinsic viscosity, total organic carbon (TOC), chemical oxygen demand (COD), etc.] are presented. The model is capable of reproducing the development of KN and brightness from the molecular-level kinetics. Reactions responsible for the darkening of chlorine dioxide bleached (D0) pulp in alkali, brightening of pulp due to the action of hydrogen peroxide and oxygen, and reduction in KN were identified. The model predicts the chemical composition of both fiber wall and filtrate. This feature enables studies concerning the interaction of the AE chemistry with upstream (D0 washing) and downstream (D1 stage) processes. Quantitative physicochemical modeling approach also points out shortcoming in the present knowledge.
- Nomenclature
- A457
absorbance (at wavelength λ 457 nm) (-)
- AOX
chlorine bound to organic structures in filtrate [mg Cl (kg water)-1]
- BR
brightness (%ISO)
- cF
concentration of fiber bound component in the fiber wall [mol (kg pulp)-1]
- COD
chemical oxygen demand [mg O (kg water)-1]
- D0
chlorine dioxide delignification stage
- DP
degree of polymerization (-)
- E
alkaline extraction
- FSP
fiber saturation point [kg water (kg o.d. pulp)-1]
- G
mass of cellulose [kg cellulose (kg polysaccharides)-1]
- H
mass of hemicelluloses [kg hemicelluloses (kg polysaccharides)-1]
- ΔrH
change of enthalpy in reaction (J mol-1)
- k457
overall absorption (at λ 457 nm) coefficient [m2 (kg pulp)-1]
- k457,i
component specific absorption (at λ 457 nm) coefficient [m2 (mol)-1]
- K
equilibrium constant (depends on stoichiometry)
- KN
κ number
- kL
acombined mass transfer coefficient (on liquid side) and mass transfer area (s-1)
- l
cuvette optical length (1 cm)
- m
molality [mol (kg water)-1]
- MW
molecular weight (g mol-1)
- n
molar amount (mol)
- OX
chlorine bound to organic structures in pulp [mg Cl (kg pulp)-1]
- OxEq
oxidation equivalent (mol electrons mol-1)
- p
pressure (Pa)
- r
rate [mol (kg water)-1 s-1]
- R
gas constant (8.3144 J K-1 mol-1)
- s457
scattering coefficient [m2 (kg pulp)-1]
- Δr
Schange of entropy in reaction (J K-1 mol-1)
- t
time (s)
- T
temperature (K)
- TOC
total organic carbon [mg C (kg water)-1]
- w
weighting factor in optimization
- ε457
molar absorptivity at light’s wavelength of 457 nm (dm3 mol-1 cm-1)
- η
intrinsic viscosity (ml g-1)
- Superscript
- E
external (to fiber wall) liquid (phase)
- F
fiber wall liquid (phase)
- Subscript
- i, j, k
component i, j, k
Acknowledgments
Financial support from FIBIC Ltd. (EffTech and EffFibre Research Programmes) and Tekes (the Finnish Funding Agency for Innovation) is gratefully acknowledged.
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©2014 by De Gruyter
Artikel in diesem Heft
- Frontmatter
- Original Articles
- Modeling of alkaline extraction chemistry and kinetics of softwood kraft pulp
- Synthesis and fundamental HSQC NMR data of monolignol β-glycosides, dihydromonolignol β-glycosides and p-hydroxybenzaldehyde derivative β-glycosides for the analysis of phenyl glycoside type lignin-carbohydrate complexes (LCCs)
- Iridoids from the stems of Viburnum erosum
- 6-Pentyl-α-pyrone as an anti-sapstain compound produced by Trichoderma gamsii KUC1747 inhibits the germination of ophiostomatoid fungi
- ESR studies on the free radical generation in wood by irradiation with selected sources from UV to IR wavelength regions
- Synthesis of aluminum hydroxide thin coating and its influence on the thermomechanical and fire-resistant properties of wood
- Lignin distribution in waterlogged archaeological Picea abies (L.) Karst degraded by erosion bacteria
- Assessment of covalent bond formation between coupling agents and wood by FTIR spectroscopy and pull strength tests
- Effect of hot water extracted hardwood and softwood chips on particleboard properties
- The interrelation between microfibril angle (MFA) and hygrothermal recovery (HTR) in compression wood and normal wood of Sugi and Agathis
- Chemical remediation of wood treated with micronised, nano or soluble copper preservatives
- Energetic investigation of the fatigue of wood
- Chemical and ultrastructural changes in compound middle lamella (CML) regions of softwoods thermally modified by the Termovuoto process
- Short Note
- Properties of young Araucaria heterophylla (Norfolk Island pine) reaction and normal wood
- Effect of specimen configuration on the measurement of off-axis logarithmic decrement of solid wood measured by longitudinal and flexural vibration tests
Artikel in diesem Heft
- Frontmatter
- Original Articles
- Modeling of alkaline extraction chemistry and kinetics of softwood kraft pulp
- Synthesis and fundamental HSQC NMR data of monolignol β-glycosides, dihydromonolignol β-glycosides and p-hydroxybenzaldehyde derivative β-glycosides for the analysis of phenyl glycoside type lignin-carbohydrate complexes (LCCs)
- Iridoids from the stems of Viburnum erosum
- 6-Pentyl-α-pyrone as an anti-sapstain compound produced by Trichoderma gamsii KUC1747 inhibits the germination of ophiostomatoid fungi
- ESR studies on the free radical generation in wood by irradiation with selected sources from UV to IR wavelength regions
- Synthesis of aluminum hydroxide thin coating and its influence on the thermomechanical and fire-resistant properties of wood
- Lignin distribution in waterlogged archaeological Picea abies (L.) Karst degraded by erosion bacteria
- Assessment of covalent bond formation between coupling agents and wood by FTIR spectroscopy and pull strength tests
- Effect of hot water extracted hardwood and softwood chips on particleboard properties
- The interrelation between microfibril angle (MFA) and hygrothermal recovery (HTR) in compression wood and normal wood of Sugi and Agathis
- Chemical remediation of wood treated with micronised, nano or soluble copper preservatives
- Energetic investigation of the fatigue of wood
- Chemical and ultrastructural changes in compound middle lamella (CML) regions of softwoods thermally modified by the Termovuoto process
- Short Note
- Properties of young Araucaria heterophylla (Norfolk Island pine) reaction and normal wood
- Effect of specimen configuration on the measurement of off-axis logarithmic decrement of solid wood measured by longitudinal and flexural vibration tests
