55 Phthalocyanine blue pigments
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Robert Christie
Abstract
Copper phthalocyanine is the dominant blue organic pigment by far, used extensively in printing ink, paint, plastics, and a range of other applications. A historical perspective of the development of phthalocyanine pigments, from their original serendipitous discovery, through the characterization of their molecular structures, to their development as pigments, is discussed in this chapter and in the separate chapter entitled Phthalocyanines: General Principles. Copper phthalocyanine exhibits polymorphism. The α- and β-forms are the most important crystal phases used as pigments, while the ε-form has only minor significance. Although structurally complex, the synthesis of copper phthalocyanine is relatively straightforward, involving readily available commodity starting materials to provide the products in high yield. After-treatments are required not only to convert the crude pigment into an appropriate pigmentary physical form, but also to provide stability towards crystal phase change and flocculation in application.
Abstract
Copper phthalocyanine is the dominant blue organic pigment by far, used extensively in printing ink, paint, plastics, and a range of other applications. A historical perspective of the development of phthalocyanine pigments, from their original serendipitous discovery, through the characterization of their molecular structures, to their development as pigments, is discussed in this chapter and in the separate chapter entitled Phthalocyanines: General Principles. Copper phthalocyanine exhibits polymorphism. The α- and β-forms are the most important crystal phases used as pigments, while the ε-form has only minor significance. Although structurally complex, the synthesis of copper phthalocyanine is relatively straightforward, involving readily available commodity starting materials to provide the products in high yield. After-treatments are required not only to convert the crude pigment into an appropriate pigmentary physical form, but also to provide stability towards crystal phase change and flocculation in application.
Kapitel in diesem Buch
- Frontmatter I
- Preface V
- Contents VII
- List of contributors XV
- 45 Mixed metal oxide pigments 849
- 46 Monoazo (Monohydrazone) pigments based on acetoacetanilides 859
- 47 Monoazo (Monohydrazone) pigments based on benzimidazolones 871
- 48 Monoazo (Monohydrazone) pigments based on 2-naphthol and derivatives 885
- 49 Naphthopyran dyes 909
- 50 Organic pigments: general principles 925
- 51 Oxonitride pigments 955
- 52 Oxonol dyes 959
- 53 Perylene and perinone pigments 967
- 54 Photochromic dyes 979
- 55 Phthalocyanine blue pigments 1015
- 56 Phthalocyanine green pigments 1029
- 57 Phthalocyanine pigments: general principles 1035
- 58 Pigments: general aspects 1041
- 59 Polymethine dyes 1057
- 60 Quinacridone pigments 1071
- 61 Special effect pigments 1081
- 62 Spirooxazine dyes 1105
- 63 Spiropyran dyes 1125
- 64 Streptocyanine dyes 1153
- 65 Streptomerocyanine dyes 1165
- 66 Titanium dioxide pigments 1177
- 67 Transparent pigments 1195
- 68 Ultramarine pigments 1203
- 69 White pigments 1211
- 70 Zinc oxide pigments 1213
- 71 Zinc sulfide pigments 1219
- Index 1225
Kapitel in diesem Buch
- Frontmatter I
- Preface V
- Contents VII
- List of contributors XV
- 45 Mixed metal oxide pigments 849
- 46 Monoazo (Monohydrazone) pigments based on acetoacetanilides 859
- 47 Monoazo (Monohydrazone) pigments based on benzimidazolones 871
- 48 Monoazo (Monohydrazone) pigments based on 2-naphthol and derivatives 885
- 49 Naphthopyran dyes 909
- 50 Organic pigments: general principles 925
- 51 Oxonitride pigments 955
- 52 Oxonol dyes 959
- 53 Perylene and perinone pigments 967
- 54 Photochromic dyes 979
- 55 Phthalocyanine blue pigments 1015
- 56 Phthalocyanine green pigments 1029
- 57 Phthalocyanine pigments: general principles 1035
- 58 Pigments: general aspects 1041
- 59 Polymethine dyes 1057
- 60 Quinacridone pigments 1071
- 61 Special effect pigments 1081
- 62 Spirooxazine dyes 1105
- 63 Spiropyran dyes 1125
- 64 Streptocyanine dyes 1153
- 65 Streptomerocyanine dyes 1165
- 66 Titanium dioxide pigments 1177
- 67 Transparent pigments 1195
- 68 Ultramarine pigments 1203
- 69 White pigments 1211
- 70 Zinc oxide pigments 1213
- 71 Zinc sulfide pigments 1219
- Index 1225
